CLAIMS 



1405 



CLAM 



Claiborne the Rebel is a novel by W. H. Car- 

 penter, based on the career of this colonist. 



CLAIMS, klaymz, COURT OF, a court which 

 settles claims against a government. In the 

 United States such a court was established by 

 act of Congress in 1855, and the legislatures of 

 several of the states have created state courts 

 of claims modeled on the national tribunal. 

 The United States Court of Claims consists of 

 a chief justice whose salary is $6,500 a year, 

 and four associates with a salary of $6,000 each. 

 Annual sessions are held in Washington, begin- 

 ning on the first Monday in October. 



This court has jurisdiction over all claims 

 of citizens against the government, except those 

 relating to pensions, or upon any regulation of 

 an executive department, or upon any contract 

 entered into with the Federal government. Its 

 jurisdiction is not extended, however, to any 

 claim arising from a treaty with foreign nations 

 or Indian tribes. In cases where the amount in 

 dispute is more than $3,000, appeal may be 



the possession of supernatural powers by 

 favored individuals. The notion was revived 

 in connection with the practices of mesmerism 

 and of Spiritualism. 



Relating to Various Beliefs. The articles 

 on the following topics, while not bearing di- 

 rectly on clairvoyance, are of interest in this 

 connection because they, too, deal with pseudo- 

 sciences or superstitions : 



Alchemy 



Astrology 



Conjuring 



Demonology 



Divination 



Faith-Cure 



Hypnotism 



Magic 



Medium 



Mesmerism 



Mind-Reading 



Necromancy 



Occult 



Palmistry 



Phrenology 



Physiognomy 



Psychical Research 



Psycho-Analysis 



Spiritualism 



Subconscious 



Suggestion 



Superstition 



Telepathy 



Theosophy 



Trance 



Witchcraft 



CLAM, klam, a salt-water shellfish highly 

 valued for food, especially on or near the sea- 

 coasts. The Pilgrims learned from the Indians 



CROSS-SECTION OF THE CLAM 



A Right Valve of Shell, to show internal or- B Dissection, 



gans. (g) Intestine, 



(a) Anterior muscle for closing shell. (ft) Kidney, 



(fe) Opening of reproductive organ. (i) Liver. 



(c) Brain. (/) Rear muscle for closing shell. 



(d) Foot. (fc) Space through which water passes in leaving 



(e) Gill. shell. 

 (/) Heart. (?) Stomach. 



made to the Supreme Court of the United 

 States within ninety days after the decision 

 is rendered. 



In Canada, claims against the Dominion 

 government for injury suffered in the construc- 

 tion of a public work are heard by the Ex- 

 chequer Court of Canada. There is no tribunal 

 under the name court of claims in the Do- 

 minion. 



CLAIRVOYANCE, klair voi'ans, the alleged 

 power to see beyond the range of human 

 vision, or through opaque objects; also to 

 foresee the future. It is sometimes called 

 second-sight, a term applied among the Scotch 

 Highlanders. It is a widespread tradition and 

 is connected with the more ancient notion of 



the value of this bivalve mollusk with its 

 tightly-closing double-hinged shell (see MOL- 

 LUSKS). The Indian name quahog is given to 

 the hard-shell clam, which has a nearly glob- 

 ular shell and was employed as money by 

 the Indians (see WAMPUM). The quahog does 

 not burrow, but, standing erect on its thin 

 edge, shoves itself along the sandy sea bottom. 

 It is found from Cape Cod south. The young 

 are known as little necks, after Little Neck, 

 Long Island, where they were first found. 

 These clams are obtained by raking. 



Down in the gravelly bottoms of river 

 mouths from South Carolina to Greenland, in 

 San Francisco Bay and on the British coast, 

 are found the soft-shell or sand clams. Their 



