CLEVELAND 



1428 



CLICK BEETLE 



its manufactures is almost endless, ranging 

 from heavy castings and forgings to optical 

 and astronomical instruments. Formerly 

 Cleveland led in the construction of wooden 

 vessels for lake traffic, and though material for 

 this purpose has changed from wood to iron, 

 it still holds its rank, as no other city in the 

 United States surpasses it in the number of 

 steel vessels produced. Among the industries 

 dependent upon the agricultural resources of 

 the district, that of slaughtering and meat 

 packing is most important, and the manufac- 

 ture of malt liquors is also considerable, though 

 decreasing. One of the principal refining plants 

 of the Standard Oil Company is located here. 



History. In 1796 Moses Cleaveland, with a 

 party of surveyors from Connecticut, went into 

 the wilderness known as the Western Reserve 

 (which see) to investigate the possibilities of 

 the tract of land which had been purchased 

 by the govern- 

 ment. A settle- 

 ment was made 

 at the mouth of 

 the Cuyahoga 

 River and named 

 Cleaveland, for 

 its founder, the 

 original spelling 

 of the name alter- 

 nating with the 

 present form un- 

 til 1831, when it 

 was definitely 

 changed by a 

 printer because 

 the correct spell- 

 ing would not fit 

 the headline 

 space. In 1800 

 Trumbull County 

 was organized, 

 and Cleveland 

 became the 

 county seat in 

 1809. The village of Cleveland in Cuyahoga 

 Count}', a subdivision of Trumbull County, 

 was incorporated in 1814, when it had a popu- 

 lation of less than 100. In 1816 the first bank 

 was established, and in 1818 the first newspaper 

 was issued and named the Cleveland Gazette 

 and Commercial Register. By 1820 the popula- 

 tion had increased to 600. 



The Ohio Canal was commenced in 1827 and 

 five years later was opened as far as Akron; 

 then the real development of the city began. 



STATUE OF 



MOSES CLEAVELAND 



Founder of the city. 



The population grew from 600 to 6,000 

 tween 1825 and 1835, and in 1836 a city char 

 was granted. Railway connections with the 

 city were made in 1851, and Ohio City was 

 annexed in 1853. Between 1872 and 1912 the 

 following towns were annexed, in the order 

 named: East Cleveland, Newburg, West 

 Cleveland, Brooklyn, Glenville, South Brook- 

 lyn, Collinwood, Nottingham and Newburgh 

 City. Cleveland has been the home of many 

 distinguished men, including James A. Gar- 

 field, a President of the United States; John 

 Hay, Secretary of State during the McKinley 

 administration; Tom L. Johnson, a local cap- 

 italist and politician of national reputation, 

 the father of the three-cent street-car fare and 

 mayor of Cleveland for several terms; and of 

 Marcus A. Hanna, once United States Senator 

 and a prominent national figure. In Cleveland 

 John D. Rockefeller, oil king and philanthropist, 

 laid the foundations of his fortune, and his 

 magnificent estate is an interesting feature of 

 the city. W.E.T. 



An outline suitable for Cleveland will be found 

 with the article CITY. 



CLICK BEETLE, SPRINGING BEETLE, or 

 SKIPJACK, names given to a family of spring- 

 ing, snapping beetles. If the click beetle is 

 touched or alarmed, it falls to the ground, folds 

 up its legs, and lies for a time as if dead. If 



THE CLICK BEETLE 



(a) Wireworm, the larva stage; (b) adult 

 form, from above; (c) from below, showing 

 snapping apparatus. 



upon its back, it will throw itself some little 

 distance into the air by a sudden jerking motion 

 accompanied by a clicking sound, and, landing 

 on its feet, will run away. There are about 

 350 species of click beetles in the United 

 States and Canada alone. Most of them are 

 brownish; some are black, grayish or marked 

 with gay colors. 



Click beetles usually live singly, in flowers, 

 grass and decaying wood. The destructive 

 larvae (young) are known as wireworms (a in 



