COAL 



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COAL 



OUTLINE AND QUESTIONS ON COAL 



Outline 



I. Definition 



( 1 ) Nearly all carbon 

 i i' ) Relation to peat 



II. How Coal Was Found 



( 1 ) Decayed vegetation 



(a) Submergence 



(b) Heat and pressure 



(2) Repetition of process 

 (a) Veins 



III. Varieties 



( 1 ) Anthracite 



(a) Graded according to size 



(2) Bituminous 

 (a) Cannel 



(3) Lignite 



IV. Where Coal Occur* 



( 1 ) United States 



(a) Appalachian coal fields 



(b) In Eastern interior 



(c) Rocky Mountains 



(d) Size of fields 



(e) Annual production 



( 2 ) Canada 



(a) Size of fields 

 (b) Output 



(3) Great Britain 



(4) Germany 



(5) Other countries 



V. Methods of Mining; 



(1) Open quarries 



(2) Deep veins 



(a) Shafts 



1. Number 



2. Size 



3. Division into compartments 



(b) Actual mining operations 



1. Galleries and pillars 



2. Loosening the coal 



3. Bringing it to the surface 



(c) Dangers of coal-mining, and rem- 



edies 



VI. Preparation for Market 



(1) Breaking 



(2) Screening 



Questions 



How can man imitate nature's work in making coal? 



Where is the largest Canadian coal field? The second largest? 



What country in Asia has very large fields, but averages a comparatively small 

 output? 



Why are canary birds sometimes kept in coal mines? 



What, in comparatively recent years, indicated the importance of the coal-mining 

 industry? 



What is the undesirable feature of burning soft coal in closely-built regions? 



How many of the Canadian provinces have coal fields? 



What is the greatest source of danger to coal-miners? 



What is the difference between coal and peat? 



What does the name "cannel" coal mean? Why is it appropriate? 



If about 1,500,000,000 tons are used each year, how long will the world's esti- 

 mated coal supply last? 



What are the duties of a "breaker boy"? 



What causes the difference between "man-made coal" or charcoal, and real coal? 



What three countries take the lead in coal-production? 



Why do some mines have but one shaft, while others have several? 



Describe the process or processes by which coal was formed. 



How does lignite differ in looks from other varieties? Why is it not so well 

 suited for manufacturing purposes as these others? 



When is "open quarrying" possible? 



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-^K 



