COAST RANGE 



1450 



COBALT 



safe navigation. For this work the survey 

 ii-.-. 1 t \\rl\r M.amt i- and n number of launches 

 :uil employs about 600 men. 



The <j,oJ,tu- feature relates to spherical sur- 

 veying. <>r earth measurement. This includes 

 triangulittion, precise leveling and astronomic 

 observations. By triangulation the accurate 

 positions of a large number of stations are ob- 

 t. uned. as well as the distances and directions 

 , n them. This furnishes the control for 

 all other public surveys, including state and 

 national boundaries, and often for city surveys, 

 as well. From the precise leveling are obtained 

 the accurate elevations of a great many marks 

 referred to mean sea level and these are used 

 by surveyors and engineers for the control of 

 local work. 



In connection with the Corps of Engineers of 

 the United States army, the United States 

 Geological Survey and the Pennsylvania and 

 Baltimore <fc Ohio railroads, the Survey has 

 1 the entire United States, in a general 

 way. with a network of these precise levels. It 

 also studies the features of terrestrial mag- 

 netism in different localities, and records tides 

 nnd tidal currents. In the geography of the 

 ix-oan it pays attention to the physical charac- 

 t'Ti-tics of the ocean its currents, density, 

 temperature, etc. \ 



In the office of the bureau charts are con- 

 structed from original surveys, are engraved 

 and printed and sold for the actual cost of 

 paper and labor. The publications of the 

 bureau consist of 645 different charts, covering 

 all the coasts of the United States and outlying 

 possessions ; annual tide tables for all the lead- 

 ing ports in the world; coast pilots, furnishing 

 sailing directions for all navigable waters along 

 the coast; special publications giving geo- 

 graphical positions, precise leveling results and 

 other useful data, in a form suitable for sur- 

 veyors and engineers; data for magnetic sta- 

 tions, and special reports which give the results 

 of scientific research. E.LJ. 



COAST RANGE, a range of mountains in 

 the Western United States and Southwestern 

 Canada, made up of a number of smaller 

 ranges, which contribute largely to the wealth 

 of the country by reason of their valuable min- 

 eral products. This range extends almost the 

 entire length of California, across Oregon and 

 into Washington and British Columbia, and 

 forms the southwestern boundary of the great 

 central valley of California ; there it consists of 

 a series of great ridges. Between these ridges 

 are long and narrow valleys which, because of 



a remarkable system of irrigation, are noted 

 for fertility and beauty. 



The Coast and Sierra Nevada ranges, which 

 interlock near Mount Shasta on the north and 

 near Fort Tejon on the south, are unsurpassed 

 in the production of mineral products; gold, 

 formerly the chief product, has been superseded 

 by petroleum in respect to value of output. 

 The manufacture of cement and asphalt is of 

 first importance among the mineral industries; 

 silver, copper, zinc, quicksilver and borax .m 

 found in the mountain slopes and foothills. 

 Among the best-known summits of the range, 

 which rise to heights of 7,000 or 8,000 feet, 

 are Diablo; Hamilton, the site of the famous 

 Lick Observatory; Loma Prieta and Tamalpais, 

 the latter overlooking the Golden Gate, or San 

 Francisco Bay. See physical map, NORTH 

 AMERICA. A.E.R 



COATESVILLE, holes' vil, PA., a city in 

 Chester County, in the southeastern part of the 

 state and on the western branch of Brandywine 

 Creek, thirty-eight miles west of Philadelphia. 

 The Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia & 

 Reading railroads provide railway transporta- 

 tion, and electric lines operate east and west 

 from the city. The place was settled in 1800 

 and named in honor of Jesse Coates, one of the 

 settlers; it was incorporated in 1867. Among 

 cities of its size Coatesville has high rank as 

 an industrial center; iron and steel works, 

 brass foundries, machine shops, tube mills, silk 

 mills and tobacco, phosphate and automobile 

 factories are the largest industrial plants. In 

 1910 the population was 11,084; in 1914 it was 

 13,369. The area of the borough is less than 

 two square miles. 



COATICOOK, ko'tikook,a.to\vn of Stanstead 

 County, Quebec, on the Coaticook River and 

 the Grand Trunk Railway, twenty miles south 

 of Sherbrooke and 122 miles south of the city 

 of Quebec. It is an important manufacturing 

 center, the principal products being textile 

 goods, chemicals, butter and cheese, flour, shin- 

 gles and other building materials. In addition 

 to the public schools there are a Roman Cath- 

 olic convent, a boarding school and a commer- 

 cial school for boys. Population in 1911, 3,165; 

 in 1916, estimated 3,300. 



COAT-OF-ARMS. See HERALDRY. 



COBALT, ko'balt, a silver-white metal, re- 

 sembling iron in its physical and chemical 

 properties and still more closely related to 

 nickel (which see). Nickel and cobalt are 

 often found in the same ore. The pure metals 

 are not found in nature. The ores contain the 



