COLD STORAGE 



1471 



COLERIDGE 



cars are cooled by ice placed in a chamber 

 in the top. Refrigerator ships, however, have 

 regular cooling plants, and they are employed 

 in carrying fresh meat across oceans from one 

 country to another. 



Cold Storage Temperatures. Many people 

 do not know at what temperatures different 

 articles .should be kept to preserve them in best 

 condition. The following table is approved by 

 authorities, the figures being degrees of tem- 

 perature, Fahrenheit : 



Apples (long storage) 31-34 



Apples (short storage) . * 40-45 



Bacon and hams 40-45 



Butter (long storage) 10 



Butter (short storage) 20-25 



Cheese (strictly cool cured) 60 



Cheese (ordinary cured) 35-40 



Eggs 29 



Fish (frozen) 15-18 



Fruit ,. 36 



Furs and woolens 30-40 



Grapes 35-38 



Meats and dressed poultry (10 to 20 days) 30 

 Meats and dressed poultry (long storage) . 10-15 



Pears 33-36 



Peaches 32-40 



Potatoes 36 



Advantages. Cold storage has many advan- 

 tages. By this means fresh meat can be pre- 

 served until it. becomes tender. Fruits, eggs 

 and other perishable articles of food can be 

 purchased in large quantities and preserved 

 until needed. In this way shiploads of fruit 

 are prevented from decay, because the apple, 

 peach, orange and grape crops cannot be prop- 

 erly cared for as they ripen. Eggs can be 

 purchased during the spring and summer and 

 stored for winter, when the production is small. 

 Without the system of cold storage to supply 

 the population of large cities with these articles, 

 the food question would become a very serious 

 problem. 



Disadvantages. While cold storage has be- 

 come a necessity it is not without its disad- 

 vantages. Cold storage plants are expensive, 

 and require large capital for their operation. 

 Under the present system in the United States 

 they have formed a combination which is vir- 

 tually a trust, having for its purpose the con- 

 trol of all the perishable food products of the 

 country. Farmers are often unable to sell 

 their produce, beef and pork at a fair profit, 

 but the trust sells to the retail grocers and 

 butchers at such prices as compel the latter to 

 sell to the consumer at a much higher price 

 than would otherwise be necessary. 



Again, articles, especially eggs, may be held 

 in storage so long that they lose much of their 



good qualities, and may even become unwhole- 

 some. The third disadvantage is that these 

 large combinations drive small dealers out of 

 the market. 



Special Uses of Cold Air. Cold air is used 

 for protecting furs from insects during the 

 summer, for cooling hotels, hospitals, theaters 

 and other public buildings, and to harden 

 chocolate candy before ' it is placed on the 

 market. In cities there are firms which engage 

 to furnish cold air for cooling buildings, run- 

 ning it through pipes, the same as gas, and 

 they find many customers. C.R.M. 



COLE 'MAN, a coal-mining town at the east- 

 ern end of the Crow's Nest Pass coal fields, 

 in the province of Alberta. It is on Old Man 

 River and the Canadian Pacific Railway, six 

 miles east of Crow's Nest Pass and ninety 

 miles west of Lethbridge. More than half of 

 the population works in the coal mines. There 

 is some lumbering and ranching in the vicinity, 

 and for sportsmen there is good fishing and 

 shooting. Population in 1911, 1,557; in 1916, 

 about 2,000. A.M.M. 



COLE 'MAN, ARTHUH PHILEMON (1852- ), 

 a Canadian geologist, equally distinguished as 

 an investigator* and as a teacher. He was born 

 at Lachute, Que., but in boyhood removed to 

 Ontario, where he attended the Cobourg Col- 

 legiate Institute and Victoria University. After 

 graduation from the latter in 1886, he pursued 

 his study of the natural sciences at the Uni- 

 versity of Breslau, Germany, and after his 

 return to Canada was professor of geology at 

 Victoria University until 1890. For several 

 years he taught metallurgy and assaying at the 

 School of Practical Science, Toronto, and was 

 also geologist to the Ontario Bureau of Mines. 

 Since 1895 he has been professor of geology 

 at the University of Toronto. Professor Cole- 

 man explored and mapped several sections of 

 the Rocky Mountains and also made a geologi- 

 cal survey of the Sudbury district in Ontario. 

 His reports on the geology and mineral re- 

 sources of Ontario are authoritative. 



COLEOPTERA, kohl e op' ter a. See BEETLE. 



COLERIDGE, kohl'rij, SAMUEL TAYLOR 

 (1772-1834), an English poet whose verse repre- 

 sents the best elements of the Romantic move- 

 ment (sec ROMANTICISM), and who was the 

 associate of Southey and Wordsworth in the 

 "Lake School" of poetry. He was the tenth 

 child of a poor clergyman of Ottery Saint 

 Mary, and at the age of ten was placed as a 

 charity pupil in the famous Christ's Hospital, 

 London, where he had Charles Lamb for a 



