COLLEGE 



1474 



COLLINS 



significance. Originally the word did not deal 

 with education at all, but referred to any 

 organized group of men, such as a labor union. 

 The College of Cardinals, which elects the 

 Pope, is a typical medieval college. In the 

 twelfth cvntury. first at the University of Paris, 

 then at the English universities, groups of 

 poor students were given aid in return for 

 slight sen-ices, and each body, usually about 

 twenty students, was called a college. From 

 these institutions have developed the colleges 

 at Oxford and Cambridge, which are groups 

 of students who sleep and eat together, though 

 mingling in classes with men from other col- 

 leges of the university. In recent years many 

 of the English private schools preparatory to 

 the university have been named colleges. 



Colleges for Women. Mount Holyoke Col- 

 lege, founded in 1837, was the first college for 

 women in the United States. Smith, Wellesley, 

 Vaaoar and Simmons colleges are the largest 

 of the present-day women's colleges. Barnard 

 College of Columbia University and Radcliffe 

 College, at Harvard, aim to give to women the 

 same instruction that the men receive in their 

 colleges at those universities. E.G. 



See UNIVERSITY ; COEDUCATION ; and the arti- 

 cles on the leading colleges. 



COLLEGE, SACRED. See SACRED COLLEGE. 



COLLIE, kol'i, originally the sheep-dog of 

 Scotland, and now a faithful friend and com- 

 panion in households everywhere. It is a dog 

 of medium size, about twenty-two inches high 

 at the shoulder, and weighs from forty-five to 



THE COLLIE 



sixty pounds. It has long, thick hair, with a 

 soft furry undercoat of shorter hair. Black 

 and tan, black and white, tan and white, or all 

 white, with fox-shaped head, ears erect but 

 drooping at the point, and bushy tail curved 

 upward, the collie is one of the handsomest of 

 dogs, and one of the most intelligent. It will 



take a flock of sheep to pasture, keep them 

 tciurther, protect them from wolves and bring 

 them all back safely at night. Or, alert as a 

 fox, quick as a deer, with intelligence almost 

 human, it will protect its master or his prop- 

 erty. A Scotch collie is the hero of one of 

 the best dog stories ever printed, Oliphant's 

 Bob, Son of Battle. 



COLLIER, kol'yur, JOHN PAYNE (1789-1883), 

 an English Shakespearean critic, whose clear 

 right to fame has been obscured by the literary 

 forgeries of which he was guilty. In 1852 he 

 brought out a volume of notes to the text of 

 Shakespeare's plays. He said he had found 

 the notes written on the margins of a copy of 

 the plays bought at a second-hand bookstore. 

 This publication caused intense excitement in 

 the literary world, but the marginal notes were 

 proved to be forgeries, and the deception was 

 publicly exposed by the authorities of the 

 British Museum. 



COL'LINGWOOD, a town in Simcoe County, 

 Ontario, on Georgian Bay, seventy miles north- 

 west of Toronto. It is an important port and 

 shipping center, the terminus of one division 

 of the Grand Trunk Railway and the starting 

 point for steamers to Owen Sound, Sault Sainte 

 Marie and other towns. Its harbor, with a 

 depth of twenty feet, is one of the best on the 

 Great Lakes. It has the largest steel ship- 

 building yards and dry docks in Canada; some 

 of the largest freight ships of the British Em- 

 pire were built here. Second in importance is 

 a meat-packing and canning plant, whose cap- 

 ital investment is about $1,000,000. Wire-nail 

 and fencing works, planing and saw mills, foun- 

 dries and machine shops, fruit and vegetable 

 canneries are among the other industrial estab- 

 lishments. Collingwood is also said to have 

 the largest fruit and vegetable farm in the 

 Dominion. The government fish hatchery, the 

 Carnegie Library, the Y. M. C. A. building 

 and the post office are points of interest. Pop- 

 ulation in 1911, 7,000; in 1916, about 8^000. 



COLLINS [WILLIAM] WILKIE (1824-1889), 

 known as the "father of the detective story," 

 was an English novelist. He was born in Lon- 

 don, the eldest son of the landscape and por- 

 trait painter, William Collins. The name 

 Wilkie, by which he is best known, was re- 

 ceived from Sir David Wilkie, the painter. 

 Though he spent a number of years in the 

 business world and also studied law, he turned 

 from choice to literature, and when he became 

 acquainted with Dickens he decided to devote 

 his time to writing. The Woman in White 



