COLTSFOOT 



1497 



COLUMBIA 



and ivory Athene in the Parthenon at Athens 

 and the Olympian Zeus. Following the Greeks, 

 the Romans produced such gigantic statues as 

 that of Jupiter on the Capitol and the 110- 

 foot Nero, which suggested the name "Colos- 

 seum" for the near-by amphitheater. 



For illustrations of colossi see ASSYRIA; 

 LIBERTY, STATUE OF. See, also, SEVEN WONDERS 

 OF THE WOULD. 



COLTS 'FOOT, a useful wild plant, native of 

 Europe, but now found throughout the North- 

 ern and Middle United States and in Canada. 

 It grows from downy seeds in the stiffest 

 clay or in low, moist places. The light yellow, 

 dandelionlike flowers appear on leafless stems 

 in March or April, and are much sought by 

 the bees. Toward noon, in the hot sunshine, 

 the flowers close. The leaves do not appear 

 until the flowers have died. The leaves are 

 large and broad, five to eight inches long and 

 three to six inches wide. They are attractively 

 downy beneath; at first they are rounded, but 

 later become heart-shaped, or like the foot of 

 a colt. These leaves have been made into 

 cigars to be smoked in cases of asthma, and 

 are still used for diseases of the lungs. 



False coltsfoot is the wild ginger of the 

 birthwort family, and the beetleweed of South- 

 ern mountains is often called coltsfoot. 



COLUMBIA, kolum'bia, in the Canadian 

 Rockies, the loftiest peak in Alberta, rising 

 12,740 feet above sea level. It lies just east 

 of the British Columbia boundary, in latitude 

 52 7' north, and is about 160 miles southwest 

 of Edmonton and 100 miles northwest of Banff. 

 Near it are the headwaters of the Athabaska 

 and Saskatchewan rivers. 



COLUMBIA, Mo., the county seat of Boone 

 County. It is north of the center of the state, 

 twenty-five miles north of Jefferson City, the 

 state capital, and 145 miles northwest of Saint 

 Louis. It is on branch lines of the Wabash 

 and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroads. 

 Here are located the University of Missouri 

 (which see), opened in 1841; Christian College 

 (Christian), 1851; Stephens College (Baptist), 

 1856; the Bible College, and the Welsh Mili- 

 tary Academy. One of the university build- 

 ings contains the library of the State Historical 

 Society. A monument to Thomas Jefferson, 

 originally erected over his grave at Monticello, 

 Va., stands now on the university campus. 

 Other features of interest are a United States 

 agricultural experiment station and weather 

 bureau office and Parker Memorial hospital. 



Columbia was founded in 1821. In 1910 the 



population was 9,662; in 1916 it was 12,530, 

 exclusive of students. The area of the city 

 exceeds three square miles. Among the indus- 

 trial enterprises are a shoe factory, ice plant, 

 flour and planing mills, packing plant, and 

 manufactories of farm implements. C.O.H. 



COLUMBIA, PA., an industrial center and 

 shipping point, on the east bank of the Sus- 

 quehanna River, in the southeastern part of 

 the state. Harrisburg, the state capital, is 

 twenty-nine miles northwest; Lancaster is 

 twelve miles east; York is twelve miles south- 

 west. It is on the Pennsylvania, the Phila- 

 delphia & Reading, and Philadelphia & Colum- 

 bia railroads. The river at this point is nearly 

 a mile wide, and is crossed by one of the 

 longest bridges in the United States. The 

 area of the city is nearly one and a half square 

 miles. The population in 1910 was 11,454. 



Surrounding Columbia is one of the richest 

 tobacco-producing sections in the United 

 States. Foundry and machine-shop products, 

 boilers and engines, iron, silk, lace, skirts, 

 stoves, wagons, brushes, novelties and flour are 

 the chief manufactures. Shipping facilities, 

 both by water and rail, are excellent. A large 

 opera house, costing $125,000, three banks, a 

 public hospital and the state armory are im- 

 portant buildings. A building erected between 

 1740 and 1750 still stands on South Second 

 Street. It was fortified after the defeat of 

 General Braddock and was the refuge of set- 

 tlers who fled from the west bank of the 

 Susquehanna to escape the Indians. 



English Quakers from Chester County made 

 the first settlement on the site of Columbia 

 in 1726. For many years the place was called 

 Wright's Ferry. Because of its beautiful loca- 

 tion it was one of the places considered in 

 1789 for the location of the United States cap- 

 ital. It was incorporated as a borough in 

 1814. A.L.C. 



COLUMBIA, S. C., the capital of the state 

 and the county seat of Richland County, with 

 a population, largely American, of 34,611 in 

 1916, which was an increase of 8,292 since 1910. 

 Its situation is about the geographical center 

 of the state, at the junction of the Broad and 

 Saluda rivers, which form the Congaree. Up 

 to this point the last-named river is navigable. 

 The city is also situated on the Columbia 

 Canal. Charleston is 129 miles southeast, and 

 Washington, D. C., is 488 miles northeast. Rail- 

 way service is provided by several branches 

 of the Southern Railway, and by the Atlantic 

 Coast Line, Seaboard Air Line and the Colum- 



