CONCORD 



1525 



CONCORD 



through a window and thoroughly examined, 

 that no letters might reach the cardinals. 



The conclave in Rome in July, 1903, the first 

 in which a United States cardinal participated, 

 resulting in the election of Pius X, lasted but 

 five days; in 1914 Benedict XV was chosen as 

 his successor in four days, the shortest con- 

 clave on record. Some conclaves in the past 

 have lasted for months. See POPE; CARDINAL. 



CONCORD, kong'kerd, MASS., a town in 

 Middlesex Coijnty, of special interest as the 

 former home of such distinguished Americans 

 as Thoreau, Emerson, Hawthorne, William 

 Ellery Channing and Louisa M. Alcott. In 

 beautiful Sleepy Hollow Cemetery are the 

 graves of Thoreau, Emerson and Hawthorne. 

 Orchard House, the home of the Alcott family, 

 is preserved as a memorial of the author of 

 Little Women, and contains many interesting 

 relics. Concord is twenty miles northwest of 

 Boston, and lies on the Concord and the Sud- 

 bury rivers. It is served by the Boston & 

 Maine Railroad and by interurban lines. The 

 chief industrial enterprises of the town are 

 its manufactories of rubber goods, chains, 

 woolens and harness. Concord was settled in 

 1635 and is the oldest town in the interior of 

 Massachusetts. It was a storm center of the 

 pre-Revolutionary agitation; the attempt of 

 the British to seize a supply of ammunition 

 stored there, in April, 1775, precipitated the 

 memorable Battle of Lexington and Concord 

 (see LEXINGTON, BATTLE OF). One of the 

 notable features of the place is a sculptured 

 figure called The Minute Man, the work of 

 Daniel C. French, who at one time had his 

 studio in Concord. Population in 1910, 6,421. 



CONCORD, N. C., a cotton-manufacturing 

 town in the southwestern part of the state. It 

 is on the Southern Railroad, twenty-one miles 

 northeast of Charlotte and 150 miles west and 

 south of Raleigh, the state capital. The area 

 of the city is about four square miles. The 

 population in 1910 was 8,715; in 1916, 9,219. 

 In the cotton mills of Concord, which number 

 more than twenty, over 100,000 bales of cotton 

 are annually manufactured into cloth, sheeting, 

 etc. The pay roll of these mills exceeds 

 $1,500,000 a year. Foundries, bleacheries, iron 

 works, roller mills, wood-working plants, an oil 

 mill and machine shops are other important 

 industrial establishments. 



The Jackson Training School, maintained by 

 the state for wayward boys, is in Concord; 

 there is also the Scotia Seminary, a school for 

 colored girls, the largest of its kind, supported 



by the Presbyterian Board of Missions for 

 Freedom. The prominent public buildings are 

 the Federal building, library, city hall, opera 

 house, courthouse and hospital. 



The town was incorporated in 1793 and is 

 now governed under a charter granted in 1851, 

 but revised in 1891. G.E.K. 



CONCORD, N.' H., the state capital and 

 county seat of Merrimack County, in the south- 

 central part of the state. The city extends for 

 two miles along both banks of the Merrimac 

 River, and is connected with Boston by the 

 Middlesex Canal, completed in 1814. It is 

 seventy-three miles northwest of Boston and 

 eighteen miles north of Manchester, on the 

 Boston & Maine Railroad. The population in 

 1910 was 21,497; in 1916 it was 22,669. 



Concord is a city of notably wide, well- 

 shaded streets, and has five attractive parks 

 White, Penacook, Rollins, Contoocook River 

 and Fiske. The prominent public buildings 

 include the state capitol (built of native white 

 granite), the state library, New Hampshire 

 Historical Society building, city hall, county 

 courthouse, post office, home for the aged, the 

 Fowler public library, a state hospital and 

 state prison, the Margaret Pillsbury Memorial 

 Hospital, and the Rolfe and Rumford Asylum 

 for Orphan Girls. Among a number of fine 

 churches is the Christian Science Church, built 

 by Mrs. Eddy. Structures of historical inter- 

 est are a soldiers' memorial arch, statues of 

 Daniel Webster, John P. Hale, John Stark and 

 Commodore George H. Perkins. The last was 

 created by Daniel C. French. Concord is the 

 seat of two important schools, Saint Paul's 

 for boys and Saint Mary's for girls. 



A great amount of stone is quarried and 

 shipped from extensive beds of fine-grained 

 white granite near the city. This is the lead- 

 ing industry. The manufactures include silver- 

 ware, harness, carriages and wagons, cotton and 

 woolen goods, 'furniture, flour, machines, elec- 

 trical appliances and pianos. The railroad 

 shops of the Boston & Maine Railroad are 

 located at Concord. 



In 1660, a trading post was established at 

 Penacook, the chief village of the Penacook 

 Indians and the present site of Concord. In 

 1725 Concord was founded. Owing to bound- 

 ary disputes between Massachusetts and New 

 Hampshire, that there might not be two Con- 

 cords, the town was incorporated as Rumford, 

 in 1733. During the Indian wars it was the 

 victim of many depredations, and in 1746 suf- 

 fered a great massacre. The name was 



