COPYRIGHT 



1576 



CORAL 



Publication is defined to moan "the issuing of 

 copies to the public." The act applies to all 

 parts of the British Empire, but may be mod- 

 ified or rejected in those colonies which have 

 self-government; namely, the Dominion of 

 Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand 

 and Newfoundland. 



International Copyright. By international 

 copyright is meant the arrangement made by 

 different countries whereby books or other 

 prints published in one country may be circu- 

 lated in another, with copyright protection to 

 the author or owner. Most of the European 

 nations became members of the International 

 Copyright Union by signing the treaty known 

 as the Bern Convention (1887). The United 

 States cannot enter the Union because the 

 American copyright law provides that books 



COOUELIN, koklaN', BENOIT CONSTANT 

 (1841-1909), a versatile French actor, especially 

 successful in classical comedies, who became 

 popular in the United States through his most 

 celebrated role, Cyrano de Bergerac, in the 

 play of the same name. He showed dramatic. 

 talent at an early age and was given a course 

 in the Paris Conservatoire. The appealing 

 simplicity of his presentations of The Mar- 

 riage of Figaro, The Misanthrope and The Bar- 

 ber of Seville won him wide popularity. In 

 the several visits which he made to the United 

 States and Canada he was enthusiastically 

 received. His last appearance in America in 

 1900-1901 was with Sarah Bernhardt, as Flam- 

 beau in L'Aiglon. 



CORAL, kor'al, an animal formation, called 

 a stone, with an interesting history. It is diffi- 



VARIOUS FORMS OF CORAL 



(a) Orange sea fan; (6) East Indian coral; (c) sea plume; (d) from the Bahamas; (e) from 

 the vicinity of Singapore ; (/) a Florida specimen. 



copyrighted in the United States must be man- 

 ufactured there, except when they are of for- 

 eign origin and in some other language than 

 English. In 1910 the Berlin Convention came 

 into force, establishing a new basis of inter- 

 national protection for members of the Inter- 

 national Union. 



Before 1891 the benefits of the American 

 copyright were not extended to others than 

 citizens of the United States, but in that year 

 an act was passed giving to the citizen of a 

 foreign nation the privilege of copyrighting 

 his work in the United States, provided his 

 native country extended like benefits to Amer- 

 ican citizens. The President of the United 

 States declares by proclamation which coun- 

 tries have copyright relations with the United 

 States. B.M.W. 



For description of protection guaranteed in- 

 ventors and manufacturers by governments, see 

 PATENT; TRADE-MASK. 



cut to realize, when looking at an ornament or 

 a necklace made of polished, reddish-pink coral, 

 that it was formed of the shells of multitudes 

 of very small, tropical sea animals. Yet this is 

 true. Long ago, when the fishermen found 

 this substance in beautiful flowerlike forms, 

 they believed it to be sea flowers which hard- 

 ened when brought above water. But a diver 

 found they were as hard below water as above, 

 and then scientists investigated further. Now 

 we know that coral is a substance 'formed by 

 little jellylike animals of the sea called polyps, 

 that is, animals with many feet. 



Their organism consists of a central sac or 

 stomach, edged with many tiny feathery arms 

 or tentacles with which to anchor themselves 

 to the bed rock of the sea. Living on the sea 

 water, they absorb a limy substance there- 

 from which they then secrete and build around 

 themselves as a shell. New polyps grow from 

 the parents like buds and always remain at- 



