CORN FLOWER 



1592 



CORNWALL 



large fortune was acquired. The public library 

 of Ithaca, as well as the great university that 

 bears his name, is a memorial of his gener- 

 osity. H.A.H. 



CORN FLOWER. See KAISER-BLUME. 



CORN 'ING, N. Y., county seat of Steuben 

 County, is in the southwestern part of the 

 state. It is on the Chemung River, a branch 

 of the Susquchanna, and on the Erie, the 

 New York Central, and the Delaware, Lacka- 

 wanna & Western railroads. Elmira is six- 

 teen miles southeast, and Buffalo is 134 miles 

 northwest. The city covers an area of nearly 

 three square miles. In 1910 the population 

 was 13,730; in 1914 it was 14,866. 



In the country about Corning tobacco is 

 raised extensively, and the city is one of the 

 principal tobacco markets of the state. Coal 

 is mined near-by. Cut and flint glass, railway 

 supplies, pneumatic drills, air compressors, 

 terra-cotta articles, tile and brick and wagons 

 are manufactured on a large scale. The Corn- 

 ing glass works is one of the largest factories 

 of its kind in the world. 



The important public buildings are a city 

 hall, public library, Federal building, Corning 

 hospital, courthouse and city club. Corning 

 Free Academy supplements the city public 

 schools. St. Mary's Orphan Asylum is an im- 

 portant institution in the city. 



There was a settlement on the site of Corn- 

 ing in 1789, but it was not incorporated as a 

 town until 1848. It then received its present 

 name in honor of Erastus Corning, a capital- 

 ist and railway builder. A city charter was 

 granted in 1890, and revised in 1905. FJ.S. 



CORN LAWS, in English history, is the 

 name applied to certain laws, dating back to 

 about 1360, in the reign of Edward III. They 

 were passed to regulate the trade in grain. In 

 England, wheat or any other grain used for food 

 is called corn, and the name does not refer to 

 maize, or Indian corn. In the early period 

 laws were passed forbidding farmers to ship 

 their grain out of the country, the object 

 being to prevent a scarcity of the supply nec- 

 essary for home use. Later, duties were placed 

 on grain imported into England, and these had 

 become very burdensome by the time of Queen 

 Victoria's accession to the throne in 1837, 

 for they raised the price of food and worked 

 great hardship to the poor people. 



About 1839 an anti-corn-law movement was 

 started; the agitation was carried on for sev- 

 eral years, aided by the zeal and eloquence of 

 John Bright and Richard Cobden, and by a 



crude poet, the "Corn-Law Rhymer," who 

 stirred the people with such lines as. these: 



England ! what for mine and me, 

 What hath bread tax done for thee? 

 Cursed thy harvest, cursed thy land, 

 Hunger-stung thy skill'd right hand. 



Finally, Sir Robert Peel, the Conservative 

 Prime Minister, yielded to the popular outcry, 

 and in 1846 Parliament repealed the unpopular 

 corn laws, an event which marked the begin- 

 ning of England's policy of free trade. See 

 COBDEN, RICHARD; BRIGHT, JOHN. 



CORNS, small spots of hardened cuticle 

 which usually appear on the outside of toes, 

 but sometimes in softer masses between them, 

 or on the sides or the balls of the feet. They 

 are caused by continued pressure or friction 

 at those points; in other words, a shoe that 

 is either too tight or too loose may produce 

 them. The horny appearance of these patches 

 suggested the name corn, from Latin and 

 French words meaning horn. Corns of the 

 fibrous form are cone-shaped, but since pressure 

 of the shoe prevents outward growth, they sink 

 into the skin, causing pain and often serious 

 changes in the formation of joints. Soft corns 

 usually appear between toes and are often pain- 

 ful ulcerations which need careful attention. 



Removal of the cause, namely, tight or ill- 

 fitting shoes, is the first step toward a cure. 

 Frequent foot baths in warm water and cutting 

 away the cuticle bring relief, but cutting 

 must be done so carefully that the knife will 

 not penetrate the soft tissues beneath. Appli- 

 cation of glacial acetic acid night and morning 

 is an excellent remedy. Professional men and 

 women who through study are qualified to 

 treat corns are called chiropodists. 



CORNWALL, kawm'wall, the county town 

 of Stormont County, Ontario, on the Saint 

 Lawrence River, fifty-six miles southeast of 

 Ottawa and sixt3'-eight miles southwest of 

 Montreal. The Saint Lawrence at this point 

 passes through the Long Sault Rapids, which 

 steamers avoid by using the Cornwall Canal, 

 eleven miles long, from Cornwall to Dickin- 

 son's Landing. The town is also on the Grand 

 Trunk and the Ottawa & New York railways. 

 Cornwall has abundant electric and water power 

 for its manufacturing industries, of which the 

 chief products are furniture, including chairs 

 and bedsteads, cotton goods, pulp, paper and 

 lacrosse supplies. Its lacrosse team is one of 

 the most famous in the Dominion. In the 

 vicinity of Cornwall is a mixed farming region, 

 but lumbering, as indicated by the raanufac- 



