CORNWALLIS 



1593 



CORONATION 



LORD CORNWALLIS 



tures, is also important. Stanley Island, eight 

 miles away, is a summer resort. Population of 

 Cornwall in 1911, 6,598; in 1916, with suburbs, 

 9,000. 



CORNWALLIS, kawrnwal'is, CHARLES, Mar- 

 quis (1738-1805), a British general who showed 

 considerable ability in his campaigns against 

 Washington in the American Revolutionary 

 War, but was finally outgeneraled and com- 

 pelled to surren- 

 der at Yorktown 

 on October 19, 

 1781. In Eng- 

 land, at the out- 

 break of hostili- 

 ties, he openly ex- 

 pressed his oppo- 

 sition to the war, 

 but sailed with his 

 regiment in com- 

 pliance with or- 

 ders. He took a 

 prominent part in 

 the Battle of Long 

 Island and pur- 

 sued Washington 

 through New Jersey. At Trenton a detachment 

 of his Hessians was captured in 1776, and at 

 Princeton in 1777 he again suffered defeat. He 

 retrieved his losses at Brandywine on Septem- 

 ber 11, 1777, and secured command of the 

 Delaware River. Disgusted at the lack of 

 cooperation given by Howe, he tendered his 

 resignation, which was not accepted. His sur- 

 render at Yorktown made the triumph of the 

 American cause a certainty. 



In 1786 Cornwallis was appointed com- 

 mander-in-chief and Governor-General of In- 

 dia, where he performed brilliant service. He 

 was afterwards appointed Lord-Lieutenant of 

 Ireland, but in 1805 returned to India, where 

 he died. 



CORONA, koro'na, a Latin word, meaning a 

 crown. In astronomy, it is applied to a crown, 

 or circle of light, encircling the sun, but only 

 visible during total eclipses, and even then only 

 for a few seconds. The name is also given to 

 an appendage of certain flowers between the 

 corolla and stamens. This is well illustrated 

 by the cup of the narcissus. Another use of the 

 term is found in architecture, the corona being 

 the upper projecting part of a cornice. 



CORONADO, koronah'doh, FRANCISCO VAS- 

 QUEZ (about 1500-1549), a Spanish explorer, 

 born in Salamanca, a province of Spain, who 

 sailed to Mexico in 1535 and married Dona 



Beatriz, the daughter of Estrada, the royal 

 treasurer of New Spain. He thus became a 

 leading grandee, or high official, at the vice- 

 regal court in Mexico. The Spaniards at this 

 time were hearing stories of seven wonderful 

 and immensely rich cities, called the Seven 

 Cities of Cibola, which Marcos de Niza, one 

 of the Spanish monks, claimed to have dis- 

 covered on an earlier expedition. On February 

 23, 1540, Coronado started out with an army 

 of Spaniards and Mexican Indians in search 

 of the reported wealth. On their journey 

 they discovered the Canyon of the Colorado 

 and then marched northward, reaching a point 

 near the boundary of Kansas and Nebraska. 

 In the spring of 1542 they returned to Mexico, 

 greatly vexed at finding no wealthy cities. 



CORONA 'TION, the act or ceremony of 

 crowning a sovereign, as a king or emperor, 

 at which he is publicly invested with the insig- 

 nia of royalty. Edward the Elder, crowned 

 in 901, is said to have been the first Eng- 

 lish monarch to adopt the ceremony, be- 

 ing girt with the sword, lifted into the 

 throne, and presented with the Bible, the 

 spurs and the orb, or globe, which is part of 

 the regalia of a ruler. The ceremony is re- 

 ligious as well as political, and is usually per- 

 formed by a high Church official in England 

 by the Archbishop of Canterbury. In most 

 countries a solemn pledge, known as the cor- 

 onation oath, is 

 exacted from the 

 new sovereign as 

 a preliminary to 

 coronation. The 

 ceremony is often 

 deferred on ac- 

 count of time 

 needed for the 

 magnificent prep- 

 arations, often 

 taking months to 

 accomplish, and 

 invitations are 

 extended to mon- 

 archs of other 

 countries. 



Coronation 

 Chair, the an- ENGLAND'S CORONATION 

 cient chair made CHAIR 



of oak by order The "stone of destiny" is 

 of Edward I, to seen below the seat " 

 enclose the famous "stone of destiny" that he 

 brought from Scotland, on which the kings 

 of that country had been crowned for cen- 



