CRADDOCK 



1622 



CRANBERRY 



River Vistula, and its position gives it great 

 importance as a commercial center and as a 

 military point of strategic value. It carries on 

 a large trade both by land and water, lumber, 

 grain, cattle and salt being exported in great 

 quantities. Within a few miles of the city are 

 some of the largest salt mines in the world. 

 Leather, machinery and chemicals are manu- 

 factured, and there is a growing production of 

 textile fabrics. 



Cracow fell to the lot of Austria at the third 

 division of Poland. It was occupied by the 

 French during the height of Napoleonic power, 

 and later by the Russians. In 1815 it became 

 a free and independent city, under the protec- 

 tion of Prussia and Austria. An insurrection 

 in 1846 afforded a pretext for its annexation to 

 Austria, under whose rule it has since re- 

 mained. In 1914, during the War of the Na- 

 tions, Cracow nearly fell into Russian hands. 

 Galicia was divided by the peace conference of 

 1919, a part being given to the Ukraine, and 

 Cracow was returned to its historic place in 

 Poland. Population, 1910, 151,886. See PO- 

 LAND; GALICIA; WORLD WAR. 



CRADDOCK, krad'ok, CHARLES EGBERT. See 

 MURFREE, MARY NOAILLES. 



CRAIG, krayg, SIR JAMES HENRY (1748- 

 1812), a British soldier, governor of Lower 

 Canada from 1807 to 1811. He won distinction 

 on many fields; he was wounded at Bunker 

 Hill, was taken prisoner at Fort Ticonderoga 

 in 1777, served in Nova Scotia for several 

 years and was captured with Cornwallis at 

 Yorktown in 1781. Later, in South Africa, in 

 India, and in Italy during the Napoleonic cam- 

 paigns, he held important commands. As gov- 

 ernor of Lower Canada, now Quebec, he was 

 less successful, for his opinions were fixed in 

 accordance with the views of the British offi- 

 cial class, who were disposed to ignore the 

 French Canadians or to suspect them of dis- 

 loyalty. Craig even went so far as to arrest 

 several French-Canadian legislators who were 

 contributors to a newspaper which opposed his 

 policies. 



CRAIGIE, kra'ge, PEARL RICHARDS (1867- 

 1906), an English writer of brilliant, cynically- 

 witty novels and plays, better known by her 

 pen name JOHN OLIVER HOBBES. She was born 

 in Boston, but was taken to England in her 

 youth and educated there. In 1887 she mar- 

 ried Reginald W. Craigie, but secured a divorce 

 eight years later. Her most successful plays 

 are The Ambassador, A Repentance, and one 

 written for Ellen Terry, Journeys End in Lov- 



ers' Meeting. Among her writings are The 

 Gods, Some Mortals and Lord Wickenham, 

 Love and the Soul Hunters, The Vineyard, 

 Flute of Pan and The Dream and the Business. 

 The latter was published after her death. 



CRAIK, krayk, DINAH MARIA MULOCK (1826- 

 1887), an English novelist and poet, best known 

 as Miss MULOCK, the author of that cheerful 

 yet touching story John Halifax, Gentleman, a 

 picture of middle-class life in England. This 

 has been translated into many languages. The 

 poems Douglas, which has been set to music, 

 and Philip, My King, have also been popular, 

 and her The Little Lame Prince and The 

 Adventures of a Brownie hold a prominent 

 place in libraries for children. The Ogih'ics, 

 Olive, A Life for a Life and Mistress and Maid 

 are among her less widely-known novels. 



CRANBERRY, a little, red, acid fruit, with- 

 out which, in the form of sauce or jelly, 

 Thanksgiving dinner would be incomplete. 

 The cranberry plant is a trailing vine of the 

 heath family, which thrives in marsh or swamp 

 lands. The leaves 

 are small, round 

 and evergreen ; 

 the flowers are 

 insignificant. I n 

 autumn the bell- 

 shaped or cherry- 

 like fruits appear 

 on small stems, 

 slender and 

 curved like the 

 neck of a crane; 

 hence the name 

 crane - berry, o r 

 cranberry. 



There are two 

 species of cran- 

 berry, one bear- 

 ing small fruit, 

 the other a larger. 

 Both kinds are 

 found wild in 

 America and Eu- 

 rope, but the 

 large cranberry 

 is more widely 

 cultivated in the 

 United States 

 than in Europe. Over a million bushels are 

 marketed each year in the United States; New 

 Jersey, Cape Cod peninsula and Wisconsin 

 produce most of this supply. Fifty bushels an 

 acre is considered a fair yield, although more 



CRANBERRY 

 Branch, flower and fruit. 



