CRAWFORD 



1626 



CRAWFORDSVILLE 



crosswise by a suture or kind of seam. The 

 color is greenish-brown. 



Crawfish are abundant in fresh waters of 

 America, Europe and Northern Asia, and in 

 some of England's streams. At night they 

 come from burrows in grassy banks or from 



CRAWFISH 



under stones and catch mollusks, small fish or 

 the young of water insects. Like the lobster, 

 the crawfish is a fighter; if an eye, or one of 

 its four pairs of legs, or one of the two pincers 

 or claws is lost in battle, a new member soon 

 grows in its place. 



In Europe crawfish are esteemed as food, but 

 in America they are seldom eaten. They cause 

 great damage on the lower Mississippi by their 

 burrowing habits, weakening milldams and 

 levees. See LOBSTER. 



CRAWFOIfD, FRANCIS MARION (1854-1909), 

 an American novelist whose remarkable power 

 of description and graceful, vivid style have 

 won him wide popularity. He was the son of 

 Thomas Crawford, the sculptor, and was born 

 in Italy. His education was received in Amer- 

 ica, England and Germany, and at Rome he 

 studied Sanskrit. He went to India as a jour- 

 nalist, and during 1879 and 1880 was editor of 

 the Indian Herald at Allahabad, India. Two 

 years later his first novel, Mr. Isaacs, a story 

 of modern India, brought him fame in three 

 continents; the rich romance and the pic- 

 turesque settings were new and welcome to 

 the reading public. Dr. Claudius, A Roman 

 Singer, Zoroaster and A Tale of a Lonely Par- 

 ish followed during the next four years, and 

 then appeared a series of stories of modern 

 Rome, Saracinesca, which have been regarded 

 as his most important works. But later ones, 

 including Marietta, a Maid of Venice, In the 

 Palace of the King, Whosoever Shall Offend 



and The White Sister, have been eagerly read. 

 In recognition of Crawford's ability the French 

 government presented him with a gold medal. 



CRAWFORD, ISABELLA VALANCEY (1851-1887), 

 a Canadian poet, whose works received little 

 notice in her lifetime but are now among the 

 most popular Canadian verse. She was born in 

 Dublin, Ireland, of poor parents, who moved 

 to Canada in 1858. Miss Crawford's life was 

 a long, hard struggle against poverty on the 

 one hand and against public indifference on 

 the other. A small volume of her poems, en- 

 titled Old Spookses' Pass, Malcolm's Katie and 

 Other Poems, appeared in 1884. Her collected 

 poems were not published until nearly twenty 

 years after her death. 



CRAWFORD, THOMAS (1814-1857), the 

 American sculptor who made the impressive 

 bronze statue of Liberty, which stands nine- 

 teen and a half feet high above the dome of 

 the Capitol in Washington, D. C. He was 

 born in New York City, where he began his 

 studies, but when twenty years old he moved 

 to Rome, Italy, to become the pupil of Thor- 

 waldsen. His studio there was a popular meet- 

 ing place of lovers of art. Although his life 

 was short and he had lost his sight a few 

 years before his death, he has left many pieces 

 of work expressing poetic imagination and 

 nobility and originality of design. The eques- 

 trian monument of Washington at Richmond, 

 Va., and various other statues of noted men, 

 such as Beethoven and Clay, as well as Orpheus 

 and Cerberus, Adam and Eve After the Ex- 

 pulsion, Hebe and Ganymede, Mercury and 

 Psyche and The Indian, are especially interest- 

 ing. 



In the article WASHINGTON (D. C.) a picture of 

 the bronze Liberty, referred to above, is printed. 



CRAWFORDSVILLE, IND., the county seat 

 of Montgomery County and a manufacturing 

 city, situated northwest of the geographical 

 center of the state, on Rock River. Indianap- 

 olis is forty-five miles southeast, Lafayette is 

 twenty-eight miles north and Chicago is 147 

 miles northwest. The Vandalia, the Chicago, 

 Cleveland, Cincinnati & Saint Louis, and the 

 Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville (Monon) 

 railways serve the city, and connection with 

 Indianapolis, Lebanon and other cities in the 

 state is made by the Interurban Traction Sys- 

 tem. Crawfordsville was settled in 1822 and 

 incorporated as a city in 1865. In 1916, the 

 population, chiefly American, was 11,164, an 

 increase of 1,793 since 1910. The city covers 

 an area of three and one-half square miles. 



