CREE 



1630 



CREEKS 



Congressional investigation. Oakes Ames and 

 others of the promoters, in an attempt to 

 prevent the investigation, disposed of Credit 

 Mobilier stock at less than half its market price 

 to members of Congress and government offi- 

 cials, and even loaned them the money to 

 pay for it. These transactions were exposed 

 in 1872, to the consternation of the country, 

 which saw its Vice-President and other high 

 officials convicted of accepting bribes. After 

 much excitement Congress censured two of its 

 members and one of the government directors 

 of the railroad, but no further action was taken. 

 The name Credit Mobilier (krade' mobelya') 

 was taken from that of a French banking firm 

 which loaned money on movable that Is, personal 

 property. The Credit Mobilier in Paris was es- 

 tablished in 1852 and was one time a powerful 

 organization, but the extravagant speculation of 

 its promoters brought it to ruin in 1869, although 

 the promoters made large fortunes. W.F.Z. 



CREE, kree, a tribe of Indians belonging to 

 the AJgonquian family and living in Canada, 

 where they formerly occupied a large portion 

 of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, extending 

 their territory northward to Athabaska Lake. 

 They have always been friendly with the 

 whites and have retained trade relations with 

 the Hudson's Bay Company (which see) since 

 its organization. As civilization encroached 

 upon them they sold their lands to the Cana- 

 dian government and were placed on reserva- 

 tions, where about 10,000 of them now live. 

 For customs and habits see INDIANS, AMERICAN. 



CREED, kreed, what one believes concerning 

 a definite line of action or policy. If a man 

 says, "I believe honesty is the best policy," 

 that constitutes his business creed in dealing 

 with others. Creeds are usually associated 

 with religion, but they can just as appropriately 

 be associated with any other beliefs. One may 

 have a political creed or an educational creed, 

 as well as a religious creed. 



The creed of any Church contains the articles 

 of faith which the communicants of that 

 Church accept. From this viewpoint there are 

 as many creeds as there are religious denomina- 

 tions. All these, however, are derived from a 

 few established by the early Church. The 

 first is the Apostles' Creed (which see), so 

 called because it is supposed to have originated 

 with the Twelve Apostles. The next in im- 

 portance is that adopted by the Council of 

 Nice, called the Nicene Creed (see NICE, COUN- 

 CIL OF). Later the Council of Trent and 

 the Council 'of the Vatican added several 

 articles to this creed, so that it included all 



the articles of faith of the Roman Catholic 

 Church. 



No other creeds were adopted until the 

 Reformation, in the sixteenth century. As a 

 result of that movement (see REFORMATION), 

 the Lutheran Church has the Symbolic Book of 

 the Evangelical Church; the Church of Eng- 

 land has the Thirty-nine Articles and the Pres- 

 byterian Church the Westminster Confession of 

 Faith. The creeds of all Protestant denomina- 

 tions consist of modifications of one or more 

 of these creeds, and they are practically the 

 same in their main features. 



Two Creeds. Following are two famed 

 creeds, one particularly for teachers, by Edwin 

 Osgood Grover, the other by William Henry 

 Channing : 



The Teacher's Creed 



I believe In boys and girls, the men and women 

 of a great to-morrow ; that whatsoever the boy 

 soweth the man shall reap. 



I believe in the curse of ignorance ; in the effi- 

 cacy of schools ; in the dignity of teaching ; and in 

 the joy of serving others. 



I believe in wisdom as revealed in human lives 

 as well as In the pages of the printed book ; in 

 lessons taught, not so much by precept as by ex- 

 ample ; in ability to work with the hands as well 

 as to think with the head ; in everything that 

 makes life large and lovely. 



I believe in beauty in the schoolroom, in the 

 home, in daily life and out-of-doors. 



I believe in laughter ; in love ; in faith ; in all 

 ideals and distant hopes that lure us on. 



I believe that every hour of every day we re- 

 ceive a just reward for all we are and all we do. 



I believe in the present and its opportunities ; 

 in the future and its promises ; and in the divine 

 joy of living. EDWIN OSGOOD GROVER. 



My Symphony 



To live content with small means ; to seek ele- 

 gance rather than luxury, and refinement rather 

 than fashion ; to be worthy, not respectable, and 

 wealthy, not rich ; to study hard, think quietly, 

 talk gently, act frankly ; to listen to stars and 

 birds, to babes and sages, with open heart ; to 

 bear all cheerfully, do all bravely, await occa- 

 sions, hurry never in a word, to let the spiritual, 

 unbidden and unconscious, grow up through the 

 common. This is to be my symphony. 



WILLIAM HENRY CHANNINQ. 



CREEKS, kreeks, one of the strongest old 

 Indian confederations south of New York, con- 

 sisting of several tribes, of which the Muskogee 

 was the largest and most influential. They 

 occupied most of Alabama and Georgia, and 

 took their name from the large number of 

 rivers in their country. They were an agricul- 

 tural people, but were also warlike. Their 

 country bordered upon the English, Spanish 

 and French settlements, and each of these na- 

 tions tried to gain their friendship. They 



