CRINOLINE 



1040 



CROATIA AND SLAVONIA 



Many carboniferous limestones are almost 

 entirely made up of the brittle stems of these 

 animals, the most famous in America being at 

 Burlington, la., and Crawfordsville, Ind. See 



ECHINODERMS. 



CRINOLINE, krin'olin, from two Latin 

 words, crinis, meaning hair, and /mum, mean- 

 ing thread, was the name applied to a cloth 

 made on a linen woof, or foundation, with 

 horsehair for threads. The resulting fabric was 

 very stiff and wiry, and during three-fourths 

 of the nineteenth century was used to make un- 

 derskirts, to extend the enormously wide skirts 

 of those days. Later a framework of steel-wire 

 and tapes supplanted it, which was called 

 by the same name. 



A modern material of the same name is 

 made of cotton gauze stiffened with glue. It 

 is principally used by milliners in making 

 hat frames. 



CRIP'PLE CREEK, COLO., the greatest gold- 

 producing camp in the world, is situated near 

 the geographical center of the state, ten miles 

 west and south of Pike's Peak. The elevation 

 of the city is 9,800 feet. It is the county 

 seat of Teller County, and the leading town in 

 what is locally called "the District," a group of 

 towns including Cripple Creek, Victor, Gold- 

 field, Altman and others having a combined 

 area of about eighty square miles. The Dis- 

 trict is about fifty miles southwest of Colorado 

 Springs. It is on the Colorado Springs & 

 Cripple Creek District (a branch of the Colo- 

 rado & Southern), the Colorado Midland, a 

 stub line which connects with the main line at 

 Divide, thirty miles distant, and the Florence 

 & Cripple Creek railways. The first-named 

 road is also called the Cripple Creek Short 

 Line and is a marvel of engineering skill, built 

 through a country of rugged grandeur. The 

 population of Cripple Creek in 1900 was 10,147; 

 in 1910 it was 6,206. There are about 20,000 

 in the entire District. Practically every na- 

 tionality is represented among the miners, 

 who number more than 4,000 of the popula- 

 tion. 



The name Cripple Creek is said to have 

 been suggested to an early settler by the lame- 

 ness of an animal found feeding along the 

 small stream in what was then a great cattle 

 country. Gold was washed from this stream 

 soon after 1860, but the very few outcroppings 

 of rich ore were not discovered until 1891. In 

 that year a settlement began with a "boom," 

 and the next year (1892) Cripple Creek was 

 incorporated as a city. Gold ore mined the 



first year was valued at $449; the value of 

 the output in the next fifteen years exceeded 

 S200.000.000. See GOLD. M.W. 



CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE, krit't-u <l,-n 

 kom ' pro mizc, a measure submitted to Con- 

 gress in 1860 by Senator John Crittenden. who 

 hoped thereby to prevent the Southern states 

 from seceding from the American Union. This 

 compromise provided for the adoption of five 

 amendments to the Constitution, as follows: 



( 1 ) That the right to hold slaves be recog- 

 nized, and that slavery be permitted and pro- 

 tected in all the territory south of 36 30', and be 

 prohibited north of that line. New states enter- 

 ing the Union should have the right to decide 

 for themselves whether or not slavery was to 

 prevail. 



(2) That Congress should not have power to 

 abolish slavery in those sections under its ex- 

 clusive control which were within a slave-holding 

 state. 



(3) That Congress should have no power to 

 abolish slavery in the District of Columbia so 

 long as it existed in Maryland or Virginia ; and 

 that If slavery should ever be abolished in the 

 District, the slave-owners should be compen- 

 sated for their loss. 



(4) That Congress should be prohibited from 

 hindering the carrying of slaves from one state to 

 another or to a territory where slavery was legal. 



(5) That Congress might provide that the 

 United States compensate slave-owners whose es- 

 caped slaves were rescued from pursuit. The 

 Federal government in turn could recover dam- 

 ages from the county in which the rescue of a 

 slave occurred. 



The Compromise failed of passage. 



CROATIA, kroa'shea, AND SLAVONIA, 

 sla vo ' ni a, formerly a province of Austria- 

 Hungary, now a part of the new Jugo-Slavia, 

 bounded on the north and east by the rivers 



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GERMANY ^>J ->-./- Si_ A V | A TV S$ 



LOCATION MAP 

 Croatia and Slavonia, in black. 



Danube and Drave, separated from Serbia and 

 Bosnia by the River Save, and having the 

 Adriatic Sea, Carniola and Istria on the west. 

 Croatia is the western, and Slavonia the east- 



