DEDHAM 



1738 



DEEP-SEA FISHERIES 



DEDHAM, MASS., a town of Norfolk County, 

 of which it is the county seat, ten miles south- 

 west of Boston. Dedham includes three vil- 

 lages and is a residential suburb of Boston. 

 It is on the Charles River and on the New 

 York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, and has 

 electric interurban service. The population, 

 which in 1910 was 9,284, was 11,043 in 1915, 

 according to the state census. The area of the 

 town is nine square miles. Dedham has a 

 fine courthouse, public library, Historical So- 

 ciety building, and a jail and house of correc- 

 tion. The chief industrial establishments are 

 manufactories of woolen goods, machinery and 

 pottery. The town, one of the oldest in the 

 state, was settled in 1636 and named Content- 

 ment, and was incorporated under its present 

 name the following year. In 1645 the first pub- 

 lic school in America supported by a tax of 

 the people was established there. 



DEDUCTIVE, deduk'tiv, METHOD, a 

 method of teaching in which definitions, prin- 

 ciples and rules are stated, and then applied to 

 the solution of a problem or in the classification 

 of facts before the pupil. The teacher who re- 

 quires her pupils to learn the rules in arith- 

 metic and then use these rules in the solution 

 of the problems assigned in their daily lessons 

 is teaching by the deductive method. The 

 teacher who requires her pupils to learn the 

 definitions in geography and then to apply 

 these definitions to the forms of land and 

 water is also using the deductive method. 



The deductive method is often called the 

 method of authority, since it requires the 

 pupil to accept the knowledge gained by 

 another. It is also the method of applying 

 knowledge. When the pupil is old enough to 

 reason, and has arrived at that maturity of 

 judgment which will enable him to determine 

 what rules, definitions or principles to apply to 

 the problem in hand, the deductive method 

 has many advantages. It enables the pupil 

 to apply the knowledge he has already acquired 

 and in this way to fix it firmly in mind ; it also 

 saves time. The use of the deductive method 

 increases as the pupils advance in the grades, 

 and most of Ihe text-books designed for gram- 

 mar grades are based upon the deductive plan, 

 especially those in mathematics, geography and 

 history. 



The four successive steps necessary to the 

 success of the deductive method follow : 



1. A clear understanding of the problem to be 

 solved. . 



2. Examination of the principles, definitions 

 and rules or the knowledge possessed by the pupil. 



3. Application of the related knowledge to the 

 problem. 



4. Testing this application to determine 

 whether or not the correct solution has been 

 reached. See INDUCTIVE METHOD. 



DEED, in law, a written contract or agree- 

 ment, and the evidence of its execution. When 

 the term is used without special qualification 

 it means a written contract for conveying real 

 estate land and buildings either by sale or 

 gift. Deeds are of two sorts, quitclaim and 

 warranty. The quitclaim deed conveys to the 

 purchaser the rights held by the party who 

 sells, and no others; in other words, the seller 

 disposes of his rights in the property, but does 

 not guarantee the purchaser against claims of 

 others. Should the seller's title be faulty, the 

 purchaser under a quitclaim deed cannot re- 

 cover damages from the seller unless he can 

 prove fraud 'on the part of the latter. 



In a warranty deed the party who sells the 

 property agrees to defend the title against all 

 claims that may be brought against it; in other 

 words, the seller guarantees, or warrants, that 

 the property he transfers is handed over with 

 a perfect title. Should the title unexpectedly 

 prove defective, the purchaser may recover the 

 money paid, with interest, provided the one 

 who sold the property has sufficient means to 

 pay the claim; -otherwise the purchaser must 

 stand the loss. 



A deed must always be in writing, and must 

 be signed by both parties to the contract, and 

 sealed. Two witnesses are usually required, 

 and the deed should be acknowledged before 

 a notary public or some other official author- 

 ized to administer oaths. Acknowledgment 

 consists in the seller's declaration under oath 

 that it is his own full act. 



When the purchaser receives the deed he 

 should have it recorded in the proper office; in 

 most instances this is the office of the registrar 

 of deeds for the county in which the property 

 is located. Every deed should be accompanied 

 by an abstract of title, which is a record of 

 all transfers of the property from the original 

 owner (the state) to the present purchaser. 

 The validity of the title depends upon the 

 validity of this abstract. 



Torrens System. In the Torrens system, 

 described in this work, under that title, the 

 warranty deed is replaced by a simple transfer, 

 which is given to the registrar together with the 

 duplicate certificate of title in order that a 

 new certificate may be issued. 



DEEP-SEA FISHERIES. See FISH, sub- 

 title Deep-Sea Fisheries. 



