DENOMINATE NUMBERS 



1765 



DENOMINATE NUMBERS 



bers, joists, etc. The board foot is 1 foot long, 

 1 foot wide and 1 inch thick (see Fig. 7). 



When lumber is less than one inch thick it is 

 counted as one inch thick. If it is over one 

 inch thick, the thickness is considered. 



6in 

 4in/ 



16 bdft. 



B 



4in.by6in.-timber 8ft.lonj 



FIG. 8 



The above timber (Fig. 8) contains 4 layers 

 each 1 inch thick, with a surface 8 feet by 6 

 inches. Each layer contains 4 board feet; the 

 timber contains 16 board feet. 



A timber is 18 feet long, 8 inches wide and 6 

 inches thick. How many board feet in it? 

 Number of board feet= 



or 18x}x|-72. 



Mf 



1 



Table of Liquid Measure 



gills (gl.) = l pint (pt.) 

 pints =1 quart (qt.) 



quarts =1 gallon (gal.) 

 gallons' =1 barrel (bbl.) 



One liquid gallon occupies 231 cubic inches. 

 One cubic foot holds, roughly, 7% gallons 

 (Fig. 9). 



7/2 



gal. 



FIG. 9 



Table of Dry Measure 



2 pints =1 quart 

 8 quarts =1 peck 

 4 pecks =1 bushel 



The standard of dry measure is the Win- 

 chester bushel, a cylinder 18% inches in diam- 

 eter and 8 inches deep, whose capacity is 

 2150.42 cubic inches. A bushel occupies, 

 roughly, 1^4 cubic feet. Fruits and vegetables 

 are now bought and sold largely by weight 

 instead of dry measure. 



Tables of Weight Measures. Below are 

 given the tables in common use for the pur- 

 pose of measuring weights. 



Table of Troy Weight 



24 grains (gr.) =1 pennyweight (pwt. or dwt.) 

 20 pennyweights =1 ounce (oz.) 

 12 ounces =1 pound (tt>.) 



1 pound Troy =5760 grains 



Table of Avoirdupois Weight 



' 16 ounces (oz.) =1 pound (Fb) 



100 pounds ( =1 hundredweight (cwt.) 



2000 pounds j=l ton (T.) 



2240 pounds _ / a 1 long ton (L. T.) 

 1 pound avoirdupois = 7000 grains 



Table of Apothecaries' Weight 



20 grains (gr.)=l scruple (3) 

 3 scruples =1 dram (3) < 

 8 drams =1 ounce "(S) 



12 ounces ' =1 pound (lb.) 



Troy weight is used for weighing gold, silver, 

 platinum, jewels; avoirdupois is used to weigh 

 provisions, as meat, sugar and flour; farm 

 products, as hay, butter, sugar beets, etc.; coal 

 and iron and other commodities. Its name 

 avoirdupois (to have weight) signifies its use 

 in weighing bulky articles. 



The Apothecaries' Table is used by the phy- 

 sician and the druggist. The grain is the unit 

 of comparison among the three tables, being 

 the same in all, while the avoirdupois pound 

 (7000 grains) differs from the Troy and the 

 apothecaries' pound, each of which is 5760 

 grains. The grain which was taken as the unit 

 of the English system of weights was the 

 average of grains "taken from the middle of 

 the ear of wheat and well-dried." The Troy 

 pound is the standard weight in the United 

 States. 



Other Tables. The following tables contain 

 several interesting and important units that are 

 made use of every day: 



Table for Measuring Paper 



24 sheets =1 quire 2 reams =1 bundle 

 20 quires =1 ream 5 bundles =1 bale 

 (Five hundred sheets are now commonly called 

 a ream.) 



Table for Counting 

 12 things=rl dozen (doz.) 

 12 dozen :=! gross 

 12 gross I great gross 

 20 things;;: 1 score 



Table for Time Measure 



60 seconds (sec.) =1 minute (min.) 

 60 minutes 

 24 hours 

 7 days 



= 1 hour (hr.) 

 = 1 day (da.) 

 = 1 week (wk.) 

 30 days =1 calendar month (mo.) 



12 calendar months=l calendar year (yr.) 



365 days = 1 common year 



366 days =1 leap year 

 100 years =1 century 



A mean solar day is the standard unit for 

 measuring time ; it is the interval of time from 



