DEVIL WORSHIP 



1781 



DEVONSHIRE 



and the State University Biological Station. 

 Prominent buildings of the city are the Fed- 

 eral building, erected in 1908 at a cost of $150,- 

 000; a Carnegie Library, a General Hospital, 

 Mercy Hospital and a Masonic Temple. 

 Devils Lake contains a school for the deaf and 

 Saint Mary's Academy (Roman Catholic). 



"Minnewaukan," meaning Spirit Water, was 

 the Indian name for Devils Lake. The town, 

 once an Indian village, was settled by white 

 men about 1882. It was incorporated in 1892, 

 and adopted the commission form of govern- 

 ment in 1913. A.A.P. 



DEVIL WORSHIP, the practice of certain 

 barbarian tribes of Asia, Africa and South 

 America, who worship the Devil on the prin- 

 ciple that the powers of evil are as much to 

 be reckoned with as those of good, and must 

 be placated. The Yezidees, or Devil worship- 

 ers of Turkish and Russian Armenia and the 

 valley of the Tigris, observe some Christian 

 ceremonies such as infant baptism, and revere 

 the authority of the Old Testament in prefer- 

 ence to that of the New Testament or of the 

 Koran. Their worship includes Christ, the 

 Devil, Allah and the sun. 



DEVONIAN, devo'nian, PERIOD, or THE 

 AGE OF FISHES, was that period of geologic 

 time between the Silurian and the Carbonifer- 

 ous periods of the Paleozoic Era (which see). 

 The rocks formed during the period constitute 

 the Devonian System, and these are widely ex- 

 tended, both in America and in Europe. The 

 name Devonian is derived from the name given 

 rocks of this period that are common in Devon- 

 shire and Cornwall, England. They are chiefly 

 sandstones, limestones and slates containing 

 more or less lime. The Old Red Sandstone is 

 one of .the most important formations of the 

 period (see OLD RED SANDSTONE). 



North America was divided by the sea into 

 two great land masses, the Eastern, represented 

 by the Appalachian Mountains, and extend- 

 ing southward as far as Georgia and west- 

 ward as far as the Blue Ridge Mountains, and 

 the Continental, or Western, division, which 

 extended westward from the Hudson River as 

 far as Western New York, Michigan and a part 

 of Ontario. It is also probable that portions 

 of Colorado, the Black Hills in South Dakota, 

 the central part of Texas and a long, narrow 

 strip of land bordered by the great basin in 

 Nevada and Utah were above the sea. 



The rocks of the Devonian Period abound in 

 fossils. Among the plants, remains of gigantic 

 horsetails and club mosses are found, fore- 



shadowing the wealth of vegetation which was 

 to follow in the Carboniferous Era. There 

 were shellfish of all descriptions, and in some 

 localities extensive beds of coral. Such sea 

 animals as the star fish, the lobster and the 

 horseshoe crab were common. This was the 

 time when fishes reached a period of high de- 

 velopment. For this reason some geologists 

 have named it the Age of Fishes. Sharks lived 

 in both salt and fresh water, and other large 

 fishes, some over twenty feet in length, were 

 common. Some of the representatives of the 

 fishes of the time are now seen in the pickerel 

 and the swordfish, but these are smaller than 

 their ancestors of this remote period. 



The fossil record of land life shows the ex- 

 istence of snails, insects, myriapods, scorpions 

 and amphibians. W.F.R. 



Related Subject*. To connect this period of 

 geologic time with others, and to understand its 

 history more clearly, reference is directed to the 

 following articles in these volumes : 

 Carboniferous Period Geology 

 Fossil Silurian Period 



DEVONSHIRE, dev' on sheer, VICTOR CHRIS- 

 TIAN WILLIAM CAVENDISH, Ninth Duke of 

 (1868- ), appointed in 1916 to succeed His 

 Royal Highness, the Duke of Connaught, as 

 Governor-General of the Dominion of Canada. 

 The duke was educated at Eton and at Trin- 

 ity College, Cambridge, and in 1891 entered the 

 House of Commons as a Liberal-Unionist. He 

 continued to sit in the House until 1908, when 

 he succeeded to the dukedom on the death of 

 his uncle, the eighth Duke of Denvonshire. He 

 was from 1900 to 1903 treasurer of His 

 Majesty's household, and was then for two 

 years financial secretary to the Treasury. He 

 is Lord-Lieutenant of Derbyshire and chancel- 

 lor of Leeds University. His wife, whom he 

 married in 1892, was Lady Evelyn Fitzmaurice, 

 daughter of the fifth Marquis Land^downe, 

 who was Governor-General of Canada from 

 1883 to 1888. 



The Duke of Devonshire is one of the great 

 land owners of Great Britain. His estates 

 amount to nearly 190,000 acres, including min- 

 eral lands and forests. He owns a valuable 

 library of rare books and an art collection 

 which is world famous. He is an ardent sports- 

 man, particularly fond of hunting, is known 

 as a patron of science, and is regarded as one 

 of the most charming and democratic of the 

 British peers. (See his portrait, in page of 

 Governors-General in the article CANADA.) 



The Cavendish Family. The family of Cav- 



