DOUBLE STARS 



1844 



DOUGLAS 



the Vulgate, or Roman version of the Bible, 

 which had been declared by the Council of 

 Trent to be authoritative for English-speaking 

 Catholics. The original Douai edition is the 

 foundation on which practically all the English 

 Catholic versions are based. The New Testa- 

 ment was published at Rheims in 1582, and the 

 Old Testament at Douai in 1609. The work of 

 translating was done by a number of Romanist 

 refugees connected with the seminary and col- 

 lege of Douai and Rheims, under the leader- 

 ship of Dr. Gregory Martin, a distinguished 

 Greek and Hebrew scholar. Numerous later 

 revisions were made, chiefly to correct the 

 literary style, words of Latin origin having 

 been originally used instead of their simpler 

 English equivalents. The best-known Roman 

 Catholic Bible published in England in modern 

 times is perhaps Haycock's, first issued at Man- 

 chester in 1811-1812. In America a revision of 

 the Douay version by Archbishop Kenrick 

 (1849-1850) is much used. 



DOUBLE STARS. If you look sharply at 

 Mizar, the star next to the end in the handle of 

 the Big Dipper, you will observe that nestling 

 close to it is a tiny companion called Alcor. 

 Seen through a telescope Mizar would appear 

 to you as a pair of large stars, one white and 

 one green, and with the spectroscope astron- 

 omers have discovered that one member of 

 this pair is in fact composed of two stars. 

 Mizar is thus an example of two kinds of 

 double stars. The two parts into which the 

 telescope separates it are really independent 

 of each other, but as we look out upon them 

 from the earth one is almost directly behind 

 the other, and the rays from them find the 

 same spot in the retina of our eye. Alcor and 

 Mizar are called optical doubles, because to our 

 unaided eyes they appear companions; simi- 

 larly, the two parts of Mizar form a telescopic 

 double. But the star which the spectroscope 

 separates into two is entirely different. It is 

 called a physical double, or binary system, 

 because its members revolve about a common 

 point, the center of gravity of their combined 

 masses. Thousands of binary systems are 

 known; more about them will be found in the 

 article ASTRONOMY. See, also, SPECTROSCOPE. 



DOUGHTY, do'ti, ARTHUK GEORGE (1860- 

 ), a Canadian historian, Dominion archivist 

 and keeper of the records since 1904. Dr. 

 Doughty was born at Maidenhead, Berkshire, 

 England, and was educated at Eldon School, 

 London, and at Oxford University. He moved 

 to Canada in 1886 and held several commercial 



and secretarial positions before his appoint- 

 ment to succeed Douglas Brymner as Dominion 

 archivist. Dr. Doughty was one of the first to 

 realize the necessity of collecting documentary 

 material of Canadian history. He is the author 

 of a number of historical and other works, 

 which are standard ; among the best known are 

 The Siege of Quebec and the Battle of the 

 Plains of Abraham; Quebec under Two Flags; 

 The Cradle of New France, and Life and Works 

 of Tennyson. With Professor Adam Shortt he 

 edited the monumental work entitled Canada 

 and Its Provinces. 



DOUGLAS, dug 'las, ARIZ., known locally as 

 the Smelter City, is a substantially-built town 

 in Cochise County, in the southeastern corner 

 of the state. It is 217 miles west of El Paso. 

 650 miles southeast of Los Angeles, and 1,098 

 miles southwest of Kansas City. It is on the 

 El Paso & Southwestern Railroad, whose west- 

 ern terminus is Tucson, 124 miles west, where 

 it connects with the Southern Pacific. The 

 Nacozari Railroad extends south from Douglas 

 to Nacozari, Mex., an American mining town. 

 The population of Douglas in 1910 was 6,437. 

 The town was founded in 1901 by Dr. James 

 Douglas, head of the Phelps-Dodge interests 

 in Arizona. It was incorporated in 1905. 



Douglas probably ships more range stock 

 raised in both Arizona and Mexico than any 

 other border town, and is the market for hun- 

 dreds of small towns below the border which 

 are supported by mining and cattle raising. 

 West of the city are two large smelters, which 

 receive ore from the rich mines of Bisbee and 

 from the Mexican districts of Nacozari, Arispe, 

 Moctezuma, El Tigre and Pilares. The mineral 

 products are copper, gold, silver, lead and zinc. 

 Prominent buildings of the city include a public 

 library, a country club, a Y. M. C. A. building 

 and the El Paso & Southwestern depot. 



In the army maneuvers which followed the 

 Mexican bandit raid on Columbus, N. Mex., in 

 March, 1916, Douglas was an important post. 

 Details of this period of border history are 

 given in the articles MEXICO and UNITED STATES, 

 subtitles History. O.K.G. 



DOUGLAS, SIR JAMES (1803-1877), a British 

 colonial administrator, regarded as the founder 

 of British Columbia. He was born in British 

 Guiana and spent his boyhood in Scotland, but 

 at the age of sixteen moved to Canada, where 

 he entered the employ of the Northwest Com- 

 pany. When this company was absorbed by 

 the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821, Douglas 

 was sent into the territory west of the Rocky 



