DOUGLASS 



1846 



DOVE 



the Northern Democrats, but was repudiated 

 by the South, and in the election won only 

 twelve electoral votes. His popular vote, how- 

 ever, was second to Lincoln's. 



From a personal standpoint Douglas was not 

 opposed to slavery, but no one was more loyal 

 than he in upholding the integrity of the Union, 

 and, on the outbreak of the War of Secession, 

 in accordance with Lincoln's request, he began 

 a tour of the border states to arouse enthusiasm 

 for the cause of the North. Two months after 

 the fall of Fort Sumter he died. His grave, in 

 a small park of Chicago, at the foot of Thirty- 

 sixth Street, on the shores of Lake Michigan, 

 is marked by an imposing monument and 

 statue. 



Consult Carr's Stephen A. Douglas; Brown's 

 Stephen A. Douglas in "Riverside Biographical 

 Series." 



DOUGLASS, FREDERICK (1817-1895), an 

 American lecturer and journalist, of negro 

 descent, who, even with the great handicap of 

 color, achieved success and honor after his 

 release from slavery. He was born at Tuck- 

 ahoe, Md., of a white father and a negro 

 mother, whose servitude he shared, according 

 to the law of the time. When he was ten years 

 old he was put to work in a Baltimore ship- 

 yard, where he taught himself to read and 

 write. At the age of twenty-one he made his 

 escape from slavery by disguising himself as a 

 sailor. After working for several years as a 

 day laborer in New Bedford, Mass., he brought 

 himself to the attention of the Massachusetts 

 Anti-Slavery Society by a speech made before 

 a convention at Nantucket, and was soon sent 

 out as a lecturer under the auspices of the 

 S9ciety. His work took him to England, where 

 money was raised to buy his freedom. 



Douglass published an abolition paper for 

 several years before the War of Secession, and 

 in 1870 started The New National Era in 

 Washington. In 1871 he was appointed secre- 

 tary of a commission to Santo Domingo, in 

 1872 was a Presidential elector from New York, 

 and later became marshal for the District of 

 Columbia, recorder of deeds in the District, and 

 United States minister to Haiti. His auto- 

 biography is published under the title, Life and 

 Times of Frederick Douglass. 



DOUM, doom, PALM. See DOOM PALM. 



DOVE, duv, the name applied to the smaller 

 and especially attractive species of pigeons, 

 which, as symbols of love, gentleness, inno- 

 cence and peace, hold a prominent place in 

 religion, literature and art. Among the birds 



to which the name has been given are the 

 mourning, ring, ground and scaled doves. To 

 North American residents the best known of 

 these is the mourning dove, a member of the 

 turtle dove group (see TURTLE DOVE). The 

 mourning dove, which is found from Quebec to 

 Panama, is so named because of the soft, 



THE COMMON DOVE 



plaintive, cooing notes with which the male 

 wooes his mate. This bird is about a foot 

 long, and wears a modest coat of fawn color, 

 varying to bluish-gray. In appearance it re- 

 sembles the wild pigeon. The mourning doves 

 are devoted lovers but careless housekeepers, 

 for the two pretty white eggs are laid in a flimsy 

 nest consisting only of a few sticks loosely 

 thrown together. Sometimes this makeshift 

 home is built on top of a robin's deserted 

 nest. The birds feed on grains and grass and 

 weed seeds. See PIGEON. 



There is frequent mention of the dove in the 

 Bible. It was this bird that Noah sent out 

 from the Ark to see if the waters had receded, 

 and which returned with an olive leaf to tell 

 him that the flood was subsiding (Genesis 

 VIII). One of these birds rested on the head 

 of Christ after His baptism (Matthew III, 16), 

 and later in His ministry He overthrew the 

 seats of those that sold doves in the Temple. 

 In the days of the early Christian Church 

 likenesses of doves, generally with an olive 

 branch, were carved on numberless tombs in 

 the catacombs of Rome and elsewhere, to 

 symbolize eternal peace (see CATACOMBS). At 

 the present time the "dove of peace" is a 

 common feature of cartoons and other pic- 



