DRUGGIST 



1865 



DRUM 



be repeated thirteen or fourteen times a minute 

 and should be continued for at least half an 

 hour, if not more quickly successful. If assist- 

 ance is available, hot water bottles and hot 

 flannels should be applied to feet and body, 

 but the alternate pressure on and release of 

 the lowest ribs " must be maintained without 

 any attempt to change clothes or give any 

 medicine or restoratives until the patient has 

 commenced to breathe naturally. By this 

 method persons have been revived when it 

 seemed impossible that there should be even 

 a lingering spark of life. 



Though some such mechanical device as the 

 pulmotor (which see) has been used to advan- 

 tage in reviving unconscious persons, the weak 

 point in depending upon such apparatus lies 

 in the fact that it is not usually at hand. If 

 more than ten minutes elapse after breathing 

 stops, nothing can usually be done to revive 

 the victim. A well-known authority says: 

 "Universal training in the manual method will 

 accomplish more for resuscitation than is pos- 

 sible by providing any amount of appa- 

 ratus." F.ST.A. 



DRUG 'GIST, or PHARMACIST, far'masist, 

 a person who has made a study of drugs and 

 medicines, taken an examination and received 

 a license to prepare and sell medicines and fill 

 doctors' prescriptions. In the United States 

 and Canada, druggist, pharmacist and apothe- 

 cary have the same popular meaning, but the 

 term druggist is in most common use, just as 

 drug store is applied more often than phar- 

 macy or apothecary shop to the place where 

 medicines are prepared and sold and pre- 

 scriptions are filled. Pharmacy, from a Greek 

 word meaning the use of medicine, is the 

 science and art of preparing and preserving 

 drugs and medicines. Correctly speaking, a 

 pharmacy is a shop where only drugs are com- 

 pounded and which does not offer for sale the 

 usual array of articles displayed in drug 

 stores. 



Schools of pharmacy have existed in the 

 United States since 1821, and the leading uni- 

 versities have departments for teaching this 

 branch of medicine, but each state makes its 

 own laws as to the qualifications its druggists 

 must possess. All of the leading universities 

 of Canada have schools of pharmacy connected 

 with them, and the Ontario College of Phar- 

 macy is an important institution of Toronto. 



DRUIDS, droo'idz. Long ago when the 

 Britons lived in England they had priests who 

 were called druids. These druids lived in huts 



or caverns in the forest and were thought to 

 be very wise. There were no temples in which 

 the people could worship, but at noon or at 

 midnight they went to a grove of oaks, where 

 the Deity was supposed to be present, and 

 offered their prayers. The druids worshiped 

 the same gods as the Greeks and Romans, but 

 called them by different names, and they also 

 believed in an after-life. 



The druids were held in very great respect 

 and honor, because they were so wise. They 

 taught the children and tried to keep peace 

 among the people, who would do almost any- 

 thing a druid would tell them to do. Many 

 years were spent in preparation to be a druid, 

 and only sons of illustrious families were al- 

 lowed to enter the schools for training. They 

 were sworn to secrecy, as they were supposed 

 to possess a mysterious science, but their 

 knowledge was mainly about the stars and 

 simple medicines. Besides acting as teachers, 

 they were prophets and judges, so people often 

 called on them to settle public or private dis- 

 putes. 



DRUM. There are scholars who say that 

 men talked in poetry before they learned to 

 speak in prose, but whether this be true or 

 not, it is certain that with primitive man 

 rhythm is an instinct. That is why the drum 

 is the oldest of musical instruments. Go any- 

 where among races still in their childhood and 

 one is almost certain to find the tom-tom mark- 

 ing the beat of the native dances, just as the 

 more intricately-fashioned drum emphasizes 

 the rhythm in the ballrooms of the civilised 

 world. 



Bass Drum, or Turkish Drum, formerly 

 known as long drum, is the big, heavy instru- 

 ment whose deep full tone or dull thud marks 

 the climaxes in orchestral music and empha- 

 sizes the rhythm in music of large bands and 

 orchestras. It has a short, hollow cylinder of 

 wide diameter, both ends being covered with 

 tightly stretched skin or vellum, kept in place 

 by hoops. These can be adjusted by means of 

 leather braces which can be slipped up or down 

 on zig-zag cords that pass around the cylin- 

 der and connect the hoops. Adjustment by 

 means of these braces, or by various rods and 

 screws, will vary the pitch of the drum. The 

 bass drum is played by beating on one or both 

 sides with a stick having a large knob covered 

 with cork, sponge or felt. 



Snare Drum, or Side Drum, is the drum of 

 resonant tone, and the drum which plays such 

 an important part in military life. This little 



