DUNE 



1881 



DUNEDIN 



TYPES OF SAND DUNES 



. The three illustrations are from photographs taken on the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan, 

 in what it is expected will some day be Indiana Dune Park. 



out many vessels to the northern seal and 

 whale fisheries, but that industry is now com- 

 paratively of little importance. The city is one 

 of the naval aeroplane stations of Great 

 Britain. 



The public utilities are owned by the munici- 

 pality and are profitably operated, all surplus 

 being devoted to the reduction of taxation. 

 During the almost constant struggles between 

 England and Scotland Dundee frequently 

 changed hands. In 1385 it was burned by the 

 Duke of Lancaster, and in 1651 General Monk 

 sacked and burned it after massacring 1,000 of 

 the inhabitants. Population, 1914, 176,062. 



DUNE, a hill or mound, common in all sandy 

 regions, formed of sand drifted by the wind. 

 The wind blows the sand like snow, and when 

 it strikes any obstruction it falls. Each suc- 

 ceeding wind adds to the amount first depos- 

 ited, and in this way a small mound grows in 

 the course of years to a hill. 



Sand dunes are most numerous in desert 

 regions and on or near large bodies of water. 

 They occasionally reach a height of 500 or 

 600 feet, but most of them are much lower. 

 Sometimes their surface becomes rippled by 



the wind, and presents an appearance similar to 

 that of a lake stirred by a gentle breeze. Duno 

 Park, Indiana, on the south shorn of Lake 

 Michigan, is one of the most remarkable dune 

 regions in the world. It is not in reality a 

 park, that name being given the miles of sandy 

 waste and scrub oak by courtesy; but in 1916 

 steps were taken to form the territory into a 

 state park by action of the legislature. The 

 Indiana dunes are among the most interesting 

 formations of the kind in the world, and great 

 geographers make long journeys to view and 

 study them. The eastern shore of Lake Mich- 

 igan is also noted for its dunes. 



DUNEDIN, dune 'din, one of the principal 

 cities of New Zealand, and capital of the dis- 

 trict of Otago. It. is siMiatrd in the South 

 Island, at the head of a fine natural harbor 

 fifteen miles from the sea. Thr city was 

 founded in 1848; in 1861 it became the center 

 of a rich gold-mining district and from that 

 date its growth was rapid. It is connected by 

 rail with Christchurch in the north, with Inver- 

 cargill in the south, and by a regular line of 

 steamers with Australian ports. The surround- 

 ing country is noted as a wool-growing section; 



