DUNVEGAN 



1SS-1 



DtiRER 



ance. On the death of Edgar in 975, Dunstan 

 again lost prestige and retired to Canterbury, 

 where he remained until his death. He was 

 considered a great scholar and statesman who 

 labored energetically toward the advancement 

 of religious freedom. 



DUN VE' CAN, a town in Northern Alberta, 

 on the Peace River, 275 miles directly north- 

 west of Edmonton and about 340 miles by rail. 

 The Edmonton, Dunvegan & British Columbia 

 Railway, under construction in 1917, will pro- 

 vide transportation both east and west. Dun- 

 vegan has been known for many years as a 

 Hudson's Bay Company post, with a popula- 

 tion of a score or two. The completion of 

 railways to the Peace River country, however, 

 will make it a central outfitting and distributing 

 point. For detailed information, see PEACE 

 RIVER. 



DUQUESNE, dookane', PA., a borough in 

 Allegheny County, in the southwestern part of 

 the state, one mile from McKeesport and 

 twelve miles southeast of Pittsburgh, on the 

 Monongahela River and the Pennsylvania 

 Railroad. The city has extensive blast fur- 

 naces and steel works. It was settled, in 1885 

 .and was incorporated in 1891. The population 

 was 15,727 in 1910, and 19,964 in 1916. The 

 area is about two square miles. 



DURANGO, doorang'go, capital and leading 

 commercial city of the state of Durango, in 

 Mexico. It is situated on an elevated plateau 

 nearly 7,000 feet above sea level and about 

 500 miles northwest of the city of Mexico. The 

 climate is mild and healthful and the surround- 

 ing district is extremely fertile. The city has 

 cotton and woolen mills, iron foundries, tobacco 

 factories and large flour mills, and in normal 

 times is the center of important mining indus- 

 tries. Hot mineral springs are numerous in 

 the vicinity. Population in 1910, 34,085. 



DURANT', HENRY FOWLE (1822-1881), the 

 founder of Wellesley College. His life is re- 

 corded under the description of that school, in 

 Volume VIII. 



DUR'BAN, the chief seaport of the province 

 of Natal, in the Union of South Africa. The 

 town was founded in 1834 and named after 

 Sir Benjamin D'Urban, then governor of Cape 

 Colony. The business section of the town is 

 situated mostly on low-lying land on the north 

 of its harbor, which is known as Port Natal. 

 The residential district is on a range of hills 

 called the Befea, overlooking the harbor. There 

 is an excellent street railway service, but "rick- 

 shaws" (see JINRIKISHA) drawn by stalwart 



Zulus are still popular vehicles. Extensive 

 dredging operations in 1904 opened the harbor 

 to the largest mail steamers, and all the im- 

 port and export trade of Natal and a great 

 quantity of that of the Orange Free State and 

 the Transvaal now passes through Durban. 

 Population in 1911, 72,512. 



DURBAR, dur'bahr, a Persian word mean- 

 ing audience, but now used chiefly in India 

 with reference to conclaves at which treaties 

 and other important affairs of state are dis- 

 cussed, and also to great meetings held to pay 

 honor to distinguished visitors. Queen Vic- 

 toria was declared Empress of India in 1877 

 at Delhi before the princes, rulers and chiefs 

 of India assembled "in durbar." King George 

 V and Queen Mary were similarly greeted in 

 1911 at a durbar of great magnificence. The 

 native princes vied with each other in making 

 the most gorgeous display, the wealth repre- 

 sented by the jewels and precious stones worn 

 in gaily-colored Eastern dresses and turbans 

 being almost fabulous. It was immediately 

 following that event that Delhi was made the 

 Indian capital, Calcutta losing the distinction. 



Dti'RER, ALBRECHT (1471-1528), a German 

 painter, engraver and designer, the greatest 

 master of the period known as the German 

 Renaissance (see RENAISSANCE), and one of 

 the most influential artists his country has 

 ever produced. He was born in Nuremberg, 

 where he worked for a time with his father 

 at the goldsmith's trade. At the age of fifteen 

 he became apprentice to the painter Wohlge- 

 muth, studied with him for three years, and 

 after spending four years in travel as a jour- 

 neyman painter settled in Nuremberg as an 

 independent master. 



In 1505 he visited Venice, where his study 

 of the Venetian masters refined his art and 

 broadened his vision. Even more important 

 was the influence of the early Flemish painters 

 (see EYCK), whose works he studied while on 

 a visit to the Netherlands in 1520. His own 

 paintings thereafter showed an excellence in 

 coloring that was formerly lacking, and his 

 return to Nuremberg marked the beginning 

 of his last and greatest period. 



As a creative and transforming force in Ger- 

 man art, Diirer holds first place. His theory 

 that art should be a record of fact is illus- 

 trated in the accuracy of his portrait paintings. 

 He invented a process of printing woodcuts in 

 two colors, and perfected the art of engraving 

 by combining the methods used in etching and 

 engraving on copper. Excellent examples of 



