DURHAM 



1886 



DUST 



colonies did support him, but in England -par- 

 tisan motives led to violent attacks against 

 him, on the ground, which could not be denied, 

 that he had exceeded his powers. The Mel- 

 bourne Ministry, false to its promise, did not 

 defend Durham, and the Canadian ordinance 

 which was to carry Durham's plan into effect 

 was disallowed by the home government. 



Durham, high-spirited and hot-headed, was 

 indignant at this reversal, and left Canada 

 without waiting for his resignation to be ac- 

 cepted. In his famous report on the condi- 

 tions he found, one of the greatest state pa- 

 pers in the English language, he outlined the 

 future of Canada. Believing that, the ideal to 

 be kept in view was a federation of all the 

 colonies in North America, he advised the 

 legislative union of Upper and Lower Canada 

 as the first step. He also urged that the 

 mother country furnish aid to immigration, 

 that an intercolonial railway be built at once, 

 and that an executive council responsible to 

 the legislature be established. Durham's health 

 had long been failing, and he lived to see only 

 the first of his suggestions adopted; he died 

 on July 28, 1840, just five days after Queen 

 Victoria had given her assent to the act unit- 

 ing Upper and Lower Canada. C.H.L. 



DURHAM, N. C., a city famous for its to- 

 bacco industry. It is the county seat of the 

 county of the same name, situated about mid- 

 way between the geographical center of the 

 state and its northern border. Raleigh is 

 twenty-six miles southeast, Greensboro is fifty- 

 five miles west, and Washington, D. C., is 288 

 miles northeast. Transportation is provided by 

 the Southern, the Seaboard Air Line, the Nor- 

 folk & Western, the Durham & Southern and 

 the Durham & South Carolina railways. The 

 population increased from 18,241 in 1910 to 

 25,061 in 1916; about one-third of this number 

 are negroes. The area of the city exceeds 

 three and three-quarters square miles. The 

 city is popularly called the Bull City, because 

 a fine breed of cattle is known as the Durham. 



Durham is the center of an important to- 

 bacco and cotton district, and the manufac- 

 ture of a famous brand of smoking tobacco is 

 the staple industry of the city. The plant 

 engaged in its production is one of the largest 

 granulated smoking-tobacco factories in the 

 world. The manufactures of snuff, cheroots, 

 cotton knitted goods, fertilizers and dyestuffs 

 are also important. Watts Hospital (white), 

 Lincoln Hospital (colored), the post office and 

 a library are the notable buildings. In 



tion to its public school system the city has 

 Trinity College (Methodist Episcopal), opened 

 in 1851, a school of fine arts, a conservatory 

 of music and a business school. 



The city was settled in 1855, incorporated 

 in 1869 and made the county seat in 1881. It 

 was named for Dr. Bart Durham. Z.A.R. 



DUSE, doo'za, ELEANORA (1859- ), a great 

 emotional actress, was born in Vigevano, Italy. 

 She began her career at an early age and in 

 commonplace surroundings. Her genius re- 

 mained unrecognized until in 1879 she appeared 

 at Naples in Zola's Therese Raquin. She was 

 undoubtedly the inspiration of many of Ga- 

 briele D'Annunzio's best-known plays, in which 

 she appeared; among these are Gioconda and 

 Francesco da Rimini. She abstained from the- 

 atrical make-up and mannerisms, and her art, 

 while simple, was distinguished by great inten- 

 sity. In the characters of Santuzza, Camille 

 and Marguerite, she achieved her greatest 

 triumphs. Her tours in the United States and 

 Canada between the years 1893 and 1903 were 

 artistically and financially successful. Soon 

 after her return to Italy from her second 

 American tour she retired from the stage. 



DtJS'SELDORF, a famous art, educational 

 and industrial center of Germany, and one of 

 the most beautiful cities of the empire. The 

 town dates from about 1250. It is situated at 

 the confluence of the rivers Dussel and Rhine, 

 twenty-two miles northwest of Cologne, and 

 is divided into five sections. In some parts 

 the streets are crooked and narrow, but the 

 more modern portions are well planned, with 

 fine buildings, well-shaded avenues and large 

 squares. It is only within recent years that 

 the city has become industrially prominent, 

 iron and steel manufactures having been de- 

 veloped with great rapidity. There are also 

 manufactures of cotton goods, carpets, leather, 

 tobacco and chemicals. All public utilities are 

 municipally owned and operated by the city 

 with the efficiency for which the Germans are 

 noted. The Diisseldorf school of painting, an 

 outgrowth of the Academy of Art founded in 

 1767 by the Elector Karl Theodor, is still the 

 most important of all German art schools. 

 Population in 1910, 358,728. 



DUST, ATMOSPHERIC. Of the variable con- 

 stituents of the atmosphere, water vapor and 

 dust, strangely enough, are closely dependent 

 one upon the other. When the temperature 

 of the atmosphere falls to the dew point 

 that is, the temperature at which water vapor 

 changes to a liquid form the condensation 



