DYNE 



1895 



DYSPEPSIA 



simple dynamo. There are a number of meth- 

 ods of winding the armature and field magnet 

 for the purpose of adapting the dynamo to a 

 particular line of work. Large dynamos are 

 operated by steam engines or by water power. 

 In the best patterns the armature is attached to 

 the shaft of the engine or the water wheel, as 

 the case may be. The steam turbine (see 

 article TURBINE) is used in place of the old- 

 style steam engine in all large electric plants. 



Dynamos of 12,000 horse power are in use 

 in New York City. There are a number of 

 11,000 horse power at Keokuk, Iowa, and those 

 at Niagara Falls are each of 5,000 horse power. 

 Small dynamos from less than one-half horse 

 power are used in small plants (see HORSE 

 POWER). 



Uses. The dynamo generates the electric 

 current in use for all commercial and industrial 

 purposes. It lights our streets and houses, 

 bakes our bread, heats our flatirons and some- 

 times curls women's hair. It furnishes the 

 power for all electric railways, and for operat- 

 ing the powerful machinery of the industrial 

 world. Its invention has so completely changed 

 our methods of manufacture and transporta- 

 tion that we cannot dp without it. Without 

 the dynamo the great telegraph and telephone 

 systems of the present day would never have 

 been developed, and wireless telegraphy would 

 have been impossible. W.F.B. 



Consult Houston's The Boy Electrician; John- 

 son's Electricity and Electric Magic. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 



the following articles in these volumes : 



Current, Electric Electric Light 



Electricity Electromagnetism 



DYNE, dine, in physics, is a unit employed 

 in measuring force. It is the force which, act- 

 ing upon one gram of matter, will move it one 

 centimeter per second. In the terms of com- 

 mon weights and measures a dyne is the force 

 which acting upon, 15.4 grains of matter will 

 move that mass .3937 of an inch in one second. 

 The dyne is in general use for measuring deli- 

 cate electric force, but the unit is too small 



for ordinary purposes. For larger measure- 

 ments the megadyne (1,000,000 dynes) and the 

 kilogram (1,000,000 grains) are used. In physics 

 the dyne is considered as the unit in the centi- 

 meter-gram-second (C. G. S.) system of units. 

 See METRIC SYSTEM ; DYNAMICS. 



DYSPEPSIA, dispcp'sia, a term generally 

 used to describe indigestion in any of its forms. 

 The word is derived from the Greek dus, mean- 

 ing hard, and peptein, meaning to digest. Dys- 

 pepsia may be caused by eating food which is 

 not readily digestible, by overindulgence in 

 any kind of food, by bolting the food, by eat- 

 ing too concentrated foods, by unbalanced diet 

 or by irregularity of meals. Another frequent 

 cause is found in bad teeth, which prevent 

 proper mastication of food. The symptoms are 

 many and varied. A feeling of weight in the 

 stomach, flatulence, headache or drowsiness are 

 common symptoms. It may be, and frequently 

 is, accompanied by constipation. A cure can 

 be effected only by removing the cause. Out- 

 of-door exercise is of great importance, and 

 plenty of sleep in a well-ventilated room is 

 essential. Medicinal treatment is never so 

 effective as careful self-management. Regular 

 habits should be cultivated, and the stomach 

 should never be overfilled by too hearty meals. 

 It is essential that the food be thoroughly 

 ground by the teeth and mixed with saliva 

 before it leaves the mouth (see MASTICATION). 



The advice of physicians, very difficult for 

 most people to accept, is that one should stop 

 eating a little before his appetite appears fully 

 satisfied. Greasy foods, smoked- or salted 

 meats, salt fish, pastry and newly-made bread 

 should be avoided. Hot or cold water should 

 be partaken of freely on arising in the morn- 

 ing, and from one to two glasses of hot water 

 should be drunk an hour or so before lunch 

 and before dinner. No fluids should be drunk 

 by the dyspeptic at meal time, and tea can 

 well be dispensed with altogether. 



Dyspepsia is frequently a symptom of dis- 

 ease in the abdomen elsewhere than in the 

 stomach. W.A.S. 



