EARWIG 



1907 



EAST CHICAGO 



The earthworm belongs to the group of 

 true worms; it is a worm which never changes 

 into a beautiful butterfly, moth or miller, as 

 do some so-called worms, but which, from the 

 time of hatching from the egg, is always a 

 cylindrical animal, with body of many seg- 

 ments, an animal which cannot see or hear, yet 

 which has a nervous system sensitive to light 

 and odor. The earthworm feeds at night on 

 vegetable and animal matter, and it has been 

 discovered that it is especially fond of cab- 

 bage, celery, raw fat meat and onions. Nearly 

 1,000 species are found, in all but the coldest 

 and driest regions of the earth. They range 

 from one-twenty-fifth of an inch in length to 

 as much as three yards. They move by means 

 of a double row of bristles on the under side 

 of the body, and by contractions by means of 

 two sets of muscles, one lengthwise of, the 

 other circling around, the body. Their eggs 

 are laid in a hard capsule about the size of a 

 mustard seed; some of these are eaten by the 

 young which hatch from others. Earthworms 

 need m6isture and die if through circum- 

 stances they are left on dry, hard substances 

 from which they cannot escape. M.S. 



Consult Beddard's Earthworms and Their Al- 

 lies; Sedgwick and Wilson's Biology, chapter on 

 "Earthworms." 



EAR 'WIG, the popular name for a group of 

 beetlelike insects. They received this name 



\ 



a 



EARWIGS 



(a) Female; (b) male. About five times nat- 

 ural size. 



because it was believed that they creep into the 

 ears of sleeping persons. Although the destruc- 



tion of fruit and flowers has been attributed to 

 earwigs, they are, on the other hand, really 

 helpful in the destruction of thrips, snails and 

 caterpillars, on which they feed at night. 

 Their upper wings are short and leathery, the 

 lower ones are gauzelike. Their feelers (anten- 

 nae) are long and delicate. On the abdomen is 

 a strong pair of pincers, the use for which has 

 not been discovered. Earwigs are found under 

 stones, in decayed bark of trees and in moist 

 places in parts of most European countries. 

 In the United States they are found only in 

 the Southern states and on the Pacific coast. 

 Several small, many-legged insects (centipedes) 

 are also called earwigs in the United States. 

 See CENTIPEDE. 



EASEMENT, eez'ment, a legal term, mean- 

 ing an acquired right which the owner of one 

 piece of land has to the use and enjoyment for 

 a particular purpose of adjoining land which 

 belongs to another person. Easement rights 

 are not numerous, but they include such well- 

 known rights as the right of way, the right of 

 having access to air and light, the right to 

 maintain drains or dams or aqueducts upon 

 an adjoining property. Easements are rights 

 belonging to the land and are alienable or 

 inheritable with the land. An easement may 

 arise either by grant, by prescription (that is, 

 by immemorial usage), by implication, or by 

 necessity. The last-named arises when, for 

 instance, one buys a piece of land or premises 

 that are shut off on all sides from access to 

 the highway. There is a reasonable presump- 

 tion that the owner of the landlocked lot in- 

 tended to convey to the buyer the right of 

 way over his remaining land. 



EAST CHICAGO, IND., in Lake County, is a 

 manufacturing city on the southwestern shore 

 of Lake Michigan, nineteen miles south and 

 east of the business center of Chicago. It is 

 in what is known as the Calumet region, which 

 is rapidly developing into one vast industrial 

 city. East Chicago is joined on the west, 

 south and east by Whiting, Hammond and 

 Gary, among which there is an interchange of 

 labor and trade regardless of city boundary 

 lines. The population of this entire commu- 

 nity is approximately 100,000. The population 

 of East Chicago in 1910 was 19,098 and in 

 1916 it was 28,743. About eighteen per cent 

 of the inhabitants are Americans, thirty per 

 cent are Poles, twelve per cent are Hungarians, 

 and the remainder are of almost every other 

 nationality. 

 East Chicago is on the main lines of the 



