EAST INDIES 



1910 



EAST LIVERPOOL 



oping commerce, the company performed serv- 

 ices that were of benefit to the world. Political 

 rights were soon assumed, however, and the 

 agents of the company not only interfered in 

 Indian affairs, but, in the vicinity of their 

 trading posts, endeavored to direct them. The 

 French also were strongly established in the 

 Eastern market; clashes between the em- 

 ployees of the East India Company and French 

 companies were frequent, and these eventually 

 led to open warfare. The troops organized by 

 the British company defeated the French and 

 their native allies and finally Clive, by his 

 victory at Plassey, laid the foundation of a 

 great Indian empire. 



Trade with India was thrown open to all 

 British subjects in 1813. The company re- 

 tained exclusive rights to the Chinese trade, 

 but the king was empowered to direct their 

 political and legislative activities in India. In 

 1857 the company found itself unable to cope 

 with the terrible Sepoy Rebellion (which see), 

 and' the affairs of India were placed in the 

 hands of the British government. 



The East India Company served the world 

 as pioneers and blazed the trails to new fields 

 of commerce. By them the wealth of the 

 Indies was revealed, and the eyes of the com- 

 mercial world were turned Eastward. It might 

 be said that, indirectly, the East India Com- 

 pany was responsible for the building of the 

 Suez Canal, as its traders were among the first 

 to point out the great advantages to be reaped 

 by quicker routes for trading with India and 

 the Far East. F.ST.A. 



EAST INDIES, in'diz, in its broadest sense 

 the name applied to the southeastern part of 

 Asia, including India, the Malay Peninsula and 

 the islands of the Malay Archipelago, together 

 with the Philippine Islands. It is customary 

 to speak of the islands of this region as the 

 East India Islands, and the Dutch possessions 

 of the Malay Archipelago as the Dutch East 

 Indies. The name Indies originated in the fif- 

 teenth century, and it was in an effort to find 

 a shorter route to these lands that Columbus 

 discovered America. Believing the newly-dis- 

 covered islands of the western hemisphere to 

 be the extreme western parts of the Indian 

 region, the name Indies was given to them. 

 Later they and the eastern lands were distin- 

 guished as East and West Indies. 



EAST INDIES, DUTCH, the name collec- 

 tively given to the islands in the Malay Archi- 

 pelago, owned by Holland. They include Java, 

 Sumatra, Madura, Billiton, Celebes, the Moluc- 



cas, Bali, Riau Linppa, parts of Timor, Borneo 

 and Papua, and numerous smaller islands. The 

 total area is estimated at 739,559 square miles, 

 or nearly three times that of Texas or of the 

 province of Alberta. Politically they are 

 divided into two main divisions, known as 

 Java and Madura, and Outpost Provinces. 

 The colony as a whole is administered by a 

 governor-general sent from The Hague, assisted 

 by a council. The capital is Batavia, with a 

 population of 138,551 in 1911. Population of 

 the colony, estimated at 48,000,000 in 1912. 



EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO, the most impor- 

 tant porcelain and pottery center in the United 

 States, situated in Columbiana County and on 

 the Ohio River, near the eastern border of the 

 state. Pittsburgh, Pa., is forty-four miles 

 southeast, and Wheeling, W. Va., is fifty miles 

 south. Railway transportation is provided by 

 the Pennsylvania Lines. Freight packet lines 

 connect with all important ports on the Ohio 

 River, and interurban electric lines communi- 

 cate with cities north, east and south. Chester 

 and Newell, W. Va., across the river, are con- 

 nected with East Liverpool by bridges. In its 

 population of 22,586 (1916) Americans pre- 

 dominate, but English, Scotch, Irish and Ger- 

 mans form a considerable number; the figure 

 given shows an increase of 2,199 since 1910. 

 The area of the city is about three square 

 miles. 



Owing to the extent of its pottery industry, 

 East Liverpool is locally known as the Stafford- 

 shire of America. There are over thirty pot- 

 tery works in the city; their products include 

 white granite, terra-cotta, yellow and Rocking- 

 ham wares. Dinner-ware, floor tile, electrical 

 supplies and toilet wares are manufactured by 

 the porcelain plants. There are also flint mills, 

 glass works, foundries and machine shops. 

 Natural gas furnishes light and fuel. The 

 principal buildings of the city are the Federal 

 building, erected at a cost of nearly $160,000; 

 a $150,000 high school; a $70,000 New Elks' 

 Temple, a $70,000 I. O. O. F. building and the 

 Potters' Savings and Loan Building, which cost 

 $100,000. The library was a $50,000 gift of 

 Andrew Carnegie. 



East Liverpool was settled in 1798 and 

 named Saint Clair, in honor of General Arthui 

 Saint Clair of Revolutionary fame. Early in 

 1802 the name was changed to Fawcettstown, 

 and in 1816 to Liverpool. In 1834 it was incor- 

 porated as a village, when it received its pres- 

 ent name. The first pottery was built on the 

 banks of the Ohio River, by the Bennett 



