EAST SAINT LOUIS 



1912 



EAU CLAIRE 



Creek. The former rock obstruction at Hell 

 Gate, the waterway between Ward's and Ran- 

 dall's islands, was removed by blasting in 1885, 

 leaving the channel wide enough for the pas- 

 sage of the largest ships into Long Island 

 Sound. Within the space of one square mile, 

 crossing the East River, are the four greatest 

 suspension bridges in existence. The lower 

 part of the East River is a part of New York's 

 great harbor. The United States Navy Yard, 

 one of the leading stations of the country, is 

 located on the Brooklyn side and comprises 

 an area of forty-five acres. 



There are no shipping piers for trans-Atlantic 

 lines on East River, as these are located on the 

 other side of the island, in the Hudson River. 

 The West Indies' boats and those in the coast- 

 wise trade have nearly all their docks in the 

 East River and on the southern shore of Long 

 Island. 



EAST SAINT LOUIS, ILL., an important 

 railway and manufacturing center and one of 

 the largest distributing points for live stock in 

 the United States. It is situated in Saint Clair 

 County, on the southwestern border of the 

 state and on the east bank of the Mississippi 

 River. The Eads Bridge (see EADS), classed 

 with the finest steel arch bridges in the United 

 States, connects it with Saint Louis, Mo., on 

 the opposite bank. East Saint Louis is the 

 terminus of all the railroads entering Saint 

 Louis from the east the Baltimore & Ohio 

 Southwestern; Chicago, Peoria & Saint Louis; 

 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & Saint Louis; 

 Illinois Central; Louisville & Nashville; Mo- 

 bile & Ohio; the Wabash, and the Pennsyl- 

 vania Lines. The city also has the service of 

 the packet lines on the river and of several 

 interurban lines. In 1916 the population was 

 74.708, an increase of 16,161 since 1910. The 

 city occupies an area of twelve square miles. 



Near the river the land is low, and this part 

 of the city is occupied by the grain elevators 

 and many of the industrial establishments. 

 The residence district lies farther east. In re- 

 cent years several millions of dollars have been 

 expended on public improvements, principally 

 for drainage and flood protection. There are 

 several parks, a city hall, a high school, a 

 Roman Catholic academy, a public library and 

 a business college. Manufacturing and indus- 

 trial interests are increased by the location of 

 the city near the vast coal fields of Illinois. 

 The leading products are malleable iron, rail- 

 way-track ' accessories, locomotives, foundry 

 products, railway-car supplies, baking powder 



and flour. There are large rolling mills, coal 

 and coke plants, and one of the largest stock- 

 yards in the United States; beef and pork 

 packing is an extensive industry. The city is an 

 important mule market. 



East Saint Louis was incorporated as a vil- 

 lage in 1861 and as a city in 1865. In 1896 it 

 was swept by a tornado which caused the loss 

 of 500 lives and destruction of property esti- 

 mated at $10,000,000. In 1917 the city adopted 

 the commission form of government. 



EATON, c'tun, SIR JOHN CRAIG (1875- ), 

 a Canadian merchant, since 1907 president of 

 T. Eaton Company, of Toronto and Winnipeg, 

 the great merchandising firm established by 

 his father, the late Timothy Eaton. This firm, 

 which employs about 15,000 men and women, 

 operates the largest department store in the 

 Dominion and is regarded almost as a national 

 institution. The founder of the firm trained 

 his son, who was born in Toronto and attended 

 the Toronto Model School, to a business 

 career. Under the direction of the son the 

 business continued to grow, but its head also 

 found time for much philanthropic work. At 

 the outbreak of the War of the Nations in 

 1914 Eaton at once donated $100,000 to the 

 Canadian government for the equipment of a 

 battery,_ and offered the use of his private 

 yacht, said to be the fastest on the Great 

 Lakes, and his wireless station, the most pow- 

 erful in Canada. The firm of T. Eaton Com- 

 pany continued to pay full salaries to all of 

 its employees who enlisted for active service, 

 and also insured their lives in order that 

 dependent families need not suffer from pov- 

 erty in the event of the bread-winner's death. 

 In recognition of his patriotic services Eaton 

 was knighted in 1915. G.H.L. 



EAU CLAIRE, Wis., the commercial center 

 of the northwestern part of the state, noted 

 for its lumber interests. It is the county seat 

 of Eau Claire County, and is situated north- 

 west of the geographical center of the state, 

 at the head of navigation of the Chippewa 

 River, which at this point receives the waters 

 of the Eau Claire River. These two rivers 

 divide the city into three parts, which are 

 connected by several bridges. By rail Saint 

 Paul is eighty-seven miles west, Duluth is 161 

 miles northwest and Madison, the capital of 

 Wisconsin, 184 miles southeast. The Minne- 

 apolis, Saint Paul & Sault Sainte Marie; the 

 Chicago, Saint. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha, 

 and the Chicago, Milwaukee & Saint Paul rail- 

 ways serve the city; electric lines connect with 



