ECUADOR 



1921 



ECUADOR 



the War of the Nations Germany stood third 

 in regard to both. Ecuador supplies one-third 

 of the world's cacao (chocolate). Vegetable 

 ivory, supplying an excellent substitute for the 

 ivory of elephants' tusks, is used chiefly for 

 making buttons, and has been largely taken 

 by Germany. Panama hats are manufactured 

 chiefly in the province of Manabi. More than 

 a million pounds of rubber is produced annu- 

 ally. Excellent coffee is raised, and of this 

 the surplus above home consumption is taken 

 chiefly by Chile. 



Commercial Possibilities. Ecuador is a land 

 of opportunity. Much attention has been 

 called to the opening for cattle raising. Min- 

 ing has been but little developed, as yet. The 

 Panama Canal and the railway to Quito hav- 

 ing rendered the capital easily accessible, the 

 region of eternal spring offers superior attrac- 

 tions to tourists, and the South American call 

 for "American" hotels applies here as else- 

 where. Shoes are made by hand in Quito, and 

 much of the manufacturing is done on a small 

 scale. With railways to build, mines to de- 

 velop and forest products to be gathered, there 

 is excellent opportunity for the investment 

 of capital. 



History. The kingdom of the Quitus, on 

 the equator, was perhaps 1,200 years old at the 

 time of the Peruvian conquest in 1460. In 

 1533 there was a change of masters, for the 

 Spanish seized the country. Independence was 

 secured by the Battle of Mount Pichincha 

 (nearly two miles above the sea level), in 1822, 

 by the patriot leaders, Sucre and Santa Cruz. 

 At first united with New Granada and Vene- 

 zuela, Ecuador became a separate republic in 

 1830. 



This little republic has been one of the most 

 turbulent states in the world. As a rule its 

 only peaceful days have come when some one 

 man has been strong enough to make himself 

 dictator. The struggle of the patriots against 

 the corrupt rule of the clerical interests has 

 lasted from the foundation of the republic 

 to the present century. President Gabriel 

 Moreno, a despot who bowed only to the 

 clergy, was assassinated in 1875. The constant 

 revolutionary intrigues of the Church party 

 provoked President Plaza in 1904 to declare 

 all churches on an equal footing and finally 

 to confiscate Church property. In 1905 the 

 clericals elected their candidate, but he was 

 driven from office by Ex-President Alfaro. In 

 1912 Plaza seized the Presidency, and after 

 defeating the opposition, handed over the gov- 

 121 



V 



Outline and Questions on 

 Ecuador 



I. Position and Slxe 



(1) Latitude 



(2) Longitude 



(3) Actual area, 116,000 square miles 



( 4 ) Comparative area 



II. Physical Feature* 



( 1 ) Coastal lowlands 



(2) Mountain section and plateaus 

 (a) Great peaks 



(3) The montana 



(4) Climate 



(a) Dependence on altitude 



III. The People 



( 1 ) Predominance of Indians 



(2) Other races 



(3) Attitude toward education 



(4) Religion 



(5) Cities 



IV. InduBtrlal Development 



( 1 ) Agriculture main Industry 



( 2 ) Unworked mineral resources 



(3) Limited manufactures 



(4) Communication and commerce 



( 5 ) Opportunities for development 



V. History and Government 



(1) Antiquity 



(2) Spanish conquest 



(3) Republic established 



(4) Recent development 



Questions 



What does the name Ecuador mean? 



Why would you rather live In K-n:t- 

 dor than in most tropical countries? 



What did certain possessions of this 

 country have to do with one of the 

 most noteworthy voyages in the world's 

 history? 



Who are the mestizos t What race 

 makes up the greater part of the popu- 

 lation of the country? 



What indicates the attitude of the 

 government toward education? 



About how long does It take to go 

 from Panama to the chief port of 

 Ecuador? 



How long a stretch of railway I* 

 there to each hundred square mile* of 

 area? 



Look on the map of South A ' 

 for Quito. Considering ll latitude, 

 how can It be called the "City of Ki.-r- 

 nal Spring"? 



What part of the dress or milt ><><i 

 have on may well have come fr>m 

 Kcuador? 



Is the highest mountain In the -<um- 

 try as high as the loftiest peak of tho 

 United States? Of Canada? 



What characteristic form of animal 

 life has given Its name to the mone- 

 tary unit of the country? 



Of what Important commodity doe? 

 Kcuador produce more than any other 

 country In the world except one? 



