EDUCATION 



1954 



EDUCATION 



missioner of Education, and is appointed by 

 the President with the consent of the Senate. 

 For several years there has been an endeavor 

 strongly supported by educators to raise the 

 Bureau of Education to the rank of an execu- 

 tive department of the government, in which 

 event the Commissioner of Education would 

 become a member of the President's Cabinet 

 with the rank of Secretary. 



The Bureau is organized into a number of 

 divisions, the most important of which are those 

 of school sanitation and hygiene, higher educa- 

 tion, school administration, rural education, 

 and the editorial and library division. The 

 Bureau is engaged in collecting and distributing 

 information bearing upon educational matters, 

 and in giving assistance to any state or locality 

 along educational lines, when such assistance 

 is desired. The annual Reports of the Com- 

 missioner to Congress are among the most 

 important records of American education. Cir- 

 culars of Information and Bulletins are also 

 published. These may be obtained by any one 

 interested in education by asking for them. 

 Specialists are employed in each of the divi- 

 sions, who attend educational conventions, 

 carry on investigations and deliver lectures 

 whenever they are called upon to do so. The 

 Bureau is sustained by appropriations made by 

 Congress, but the appropriations are not suffi- 

 cient to enable the Bureau adequately to meet 

 the demands of the country. The first Com- 

 missioner, appointed in 1867, was Henry Bar- 

 nard, who served three years. His successors, 

 with their terms of service, are as follows : John 

 Eaton, 1870-1886; Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, 

 1886-1889; William T. Harris, 1889-1906; Elmer 

 E. Brown, 1906-1911; Philander P. Claxton, 

 since 1911. W.F.R. 



Consult Monroe's Cyclopaedia of Education; 

 Butler's The Meaning of Education; Dewey's 

 The School and Society; Hughes' Mistakes in 

 Teaching; Compayrfi's History of Pedagogy; 

 Monroe's History of Education, and the Reports 

 of the United States Commissioner of Education. 



Related Subjects. The more general phases 

 of the subject of education are treated under 

 the subtitles in the above article, but many spe- 

 cial topics are given separate treatment in these 

 volumes. The following articles have a close 

 connection with the subject. Many of these in 

 turn have lists of related topics, so that the 

 reader is given a very wide range. 



Abacus 

 Academy 

 Adolescence 

 Agriculture 

 Alma Mater 



GENERAL 



Blind, Education of 



the 



Business College 

 Child 

 Child Study 



