EMERY 



2023 EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION 



and he lies buried in beautiful Sleepy Hollow 

 Cemetery, near the resting place of Nathaniel 

 Hawthorne. 



It is their nobility of thought more than their 

 intellectual quality that has given Emerson's 

 writings their enduring and far-reaching influ- 

 ence. His poems, like his essays, are reflective 

 and serious, and though they have never be- 

 come so popular as Longfellow's or Whittier's, 

 among them are found some of the best in 

 American literature. Representatives of these 

 are Each and All, The Rhodora, Threnody, 

 Terminus and his stirring Concord Hymn, sung 

 at the completion of the Battle Monument, 

 April 19, 1836. The first stanza of this poem 

 is famous: 



By the rude bridge that arched the flood, 

 Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, 



Here once the embattled farmers stood, 

 And fired the shot heard round the world. 



The Rhodora, his most charming nature 

 poem, contains the often quoted lines: 



Rhodora ! if the sages ask thee why 



This charm is wasted on the earth and sky, 



Tell them, dear, that if eyes were made for 



seeing, 

 Then Beauty is its own excuse for being. 



Emerson's lofty ideals and unfailing courage, 

 which remained with him until the end of 

 life, found perfect expression in the closing 

 lines of Terminus: 



As the bird trims her to the gale, 



I trim myself to the storm of time, 

 I man the rudder, reef the sail, 



Obey the voice at eve obeyed at prime : 

 "Lowly faithful, banish fear, 



Right onward drive unharmed ; 

 The port, well worth the cruise, is near, 



And every wave Is charmed." 



The following books will be found helpful to 

 those wishing to study more thoroughly the life 

 and writings of the great essayist : Correspond- 

 ence of Emerson and Carlyle, edited by C. E. 

 Norton ; Cabot's A Memoir of Ralph Waldo 

 Emerson; Cooke's Emerson: His Life, Writings 

 and Philosophy; Howell's Literary Friends and 

 Acquaintances; Eliot's Emerson as Seer; Sted- 

 man's The Poets of America. 



EMERY, em'eri, the stone used in making 

 emery paper, emery cloth and emery wheels. 

 It is blackish or bluish-gray in color, and is 

 found in masses which look like boulders. 

 Emery is an impure corundum (which see), is 

 composed chiefly of alumina and quartz, is of 

 coarse, granular structure, will not melt, and is 

 not acted on by acids. It has been used for 

 centuries for polishing gems and other stones, 

 and in more recent times has had a wider use 

 in polishing metals, in finishing wood and in 



sharpening tools. The finest grades are used 

 for polishing gems and lenses. 



The rock is ground to various grades of fine- 

 ness, each being suited to some special purpose. 

 The ground emery is then placed on cloth, 

 paper or wheels. Emery cloth and paper are 

 made by coating the fabric with glue and sift- 

 ing the emery on it. Emery wheels are made 

 by mixing the proper proportion of emery in 

 the cement of which the wheel is made. The 

 cement must be thoroughly mixed and of the 

 right degree of hardness to wear away with the 

 emery, or the surface will soon become uneven. 

 The best emery comes from the island of 

 Naxos, in the Mediterranean Sea, though it is 

 quarried to some extent in the United States 

 and Canada. 



EMIGRATION AND IM' MIGRATION. 

 These terms relate to the same process, the 

 transfer of residence from one section or coun- 

 try to another, as seen from different view- 

 points. The European who leaves his native 

 country with the intention of making his home 

 in Australia, Canada or the United States, is 

 an emigrant, literally, one who goes away. 

 On the other hand, Australia, Canada or the 

 United States regards him as an immigrant, 

 that is, one who comes in. From the earliest 

 ages of which any record exists men have 

 changed their place of residence from time to 

 time. Ancient tribes and races migrated in a 

 body, sometimes thousands of miles. The 

 migration of a tribe, however, is different from 

 emigration. Modern emigration is a movement 

 of individuals, not of tribes or nations; men 

 may emigrate in groups of tens or thousands, 

 but in every case the initiative comes from 

 the individual, who desires to change his home. 



Causes of Emigration. The causes of emi- 

 gration are as varied as human nature; to sum 

 them up in a word or a phrase is impossible. 

 Many emigrants leave their homes from love 

 of adventure, to seek their fortunes in a new 

 land. The gold-seeker may wish to become 

 rich in a brief time, but he is also an adven- 

 turer. Economic, political or religious oppres- 

 sion at home, or unusual opportunities for free- 

 dom urge both men and women to seek refuge 

 in foreign lands. The emigration of the Rus- 

 sian Jews in the nineteenth and twentieth cen- 

 turies, no less than the emigration of the Pil- 

 grims in the seventeenth century, was due to 

 these causes. Failures of crops, followed by 

 famines such as those of 1845 and 1846 in Ire- 

 land, industrial depression following financial 

 panics, and the reaction following political dis- 



