EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION 2025 



EMIGRES 



first officially encouraged immigration. From 

 year to year there is considerable fluctuation in 

 the number of arrivals, but the following table 

 is a fairly-accurate index of the increase and 

 of the effect of the War of the Nations: 



1821-1830, annual average 14,000 



1831-1840 60,000 



1841-1850 171,000 



1851-1860 260,000 



1861-1870 231,000 



1871-1880 281,000 



1881-1890 525,000 



1891-1900 369,000 



1901-1910 880,000 



1911-1914 1,033,000 



1915 (year ending June 30) 327,000 



1916 " " " " 299,000 



1917 " " " " ,. . 295,403 



1918 " " " " 110,618 



The "Old" and the "New" Immigration. 

 There has been a gradual but marked change 

 in the character of immigration to the United 

 States. The most desirable immigrant is he 

 who will be Americanized in the shortest time. 

 Other things being equal, a Briton is the best, 

 for he speaks the same language, has many of 

 the same ideals and quickly adjusts himself 

 to the new conditions. Germans and Scandi- 

 navians, being people of allied race and lan- 

 guage, are next desirable, whereas the Chinese 

 and Japanese, being totally alien, are theo- 

 retically least desirable. The fact is, as strik- 

 ingly shown by the table below, that the 

 "older" immigration was composed of the more 

 desirable peoples, while the "new," or more 

 recent arrivals, belong chiefly to nationalities 

 which are not quickly assimilated : 



per cent of New York's population is foreign- 

 born, thirty-five per cent of Chicago's, thirty- 

 six per cent of Boston's and over thirty per 

 cent of the population of a dozen other cities 

 with over 100,000 people. The proportion 

 among males of voting age in the great cities 

 is even more striking. In Detroit fifty per cent 

 of the men over twenty-one are foreign-born; 

 in Cleveland the percentage is fifty-three; in 

 Chicago, fifty-four; in New York, fifty-eight; 

 and in Fall River, Mass., nearly sixty-four. < 

 This tremendous increase, with its dangers to 

 the standards of living of American-born work- 

 men, is responsible for the demand, now more 

 frequently heard than ever before, to keep out 

 "undesirable" foreigners. In 1894 and again 

 in 1913, 1915 and 1916, Congress passed bills 

 restricting immigration to those able to read 

 some language, but in each instance the bill 

 was vetoed by the President, and the majority 

 for restriction was not large enough to override 

 him until early in 1917, when Congress passed 

 such a bill over the President's veto. E.A.R. 



Consult Fairchild's Immigration, a World 

 Movement; Jenks and Lauck's The Immigration 

 Problem. 



EMIGRES, amegra', the voluntary exiles 

 from Paris during the French revolution, which 

 began in 1789. After the Bastille (which see) 

 was stormed by the mob on the night of July 

 14, the royal princes, followed by many of the 

 nobility, left for the border line of France. 

 In the autumn of the same year a larger num- 

 ber fled from the city, and in 1791, when a 

 new constitution was adopted by those who 



The Immigration Problem. With occasional 

 exceptions, the proportion of educated and 

 skilled laborers is much less in the "new" than 

 in the "old" immigration. The old immigra- 

 tion, moreover, was usually by families, 

 whereas the new, except among the Hebrews, is 

 to a larger extent by adult males alone. The 

 tendency of the new immigrants is to feel 

 more keenly the difference between them and 

 Americans and to congregate as separate com- 

 munities in the heart of the great cities. Forty 



wished to form a republic, France lost all of 

 its aristocracy. Nobles, priests, monks and 

 prelates crossed the frontier into Germany, 

 Austria and Switzerland, and began to collect 

 troops near Coblenz, to protect the princes. 



The Revolutionists in Paris forced the king 

 to notify the governments of Europe that 

 France would look upon any country as an 

 enemy which allowed preparation for war 

 against France to be made in that country. 

 Early in 1792 the German emperor refused to 



