ESCORIAL 



2075 



ESKIMO- 



of the important ore-shipping ports of the 

 lakes, with especially constructed ore-docks, 

 handling 4,000,000 tons annually. There is also 

 an extensive trade in lumber, fish and coal. 

 The industrial plants of the city include rail- 

 road repair shops, furniture, flooring and 

 wooden-ware factories, an ore-crusher and a tie- 

 preserving plant. 



ESCORIAL, esko'rial. Twenty-five miles 

 from Madrid, Spain, is an enormous building, a 

 church, palace and mausoleum, erected by the 

 tyrant Philip II between 1563 and 1584, to the 

 honor of Saint Lawrence, the saint who was 

 roasted on a gridiron. Philip's soldiers having 

 defeated the French on Saint Lawrence's Day, 

 he decreed that this monument be designed in 

 the form of a gridiron. The Escorial is built 

 on a barren hillside, and John L. Stoddard says 

 of it, "There never was, and I hope never will 

 be, a gloomier building." It 



was begun in 1563 and finished eleven years 

 later. Philip and all but two of his successors 



THE ESCORIAL, 



were buried in it. The main entrance is opened 



but twice for each king on his first visit and 



when his dead body is carried in. 



The automobile of Eskimoland 



SKIMO, es'kimo, a 

 race of sturdy little people who, 

 dressed from head to toe in 

 warm skins and furs, make their homes prin- 

 cipally in North America, in the great snow- 

 and-ice area within the Arctic Circle. 



No one knows precisely their origin, but 

 many things about their features, legends and 

 language seem to indicate that they are a 

 primitive American race related to the Indians. 

 Some students, however, believe them to be a 

 branch of the Mongolian family which mi- 

 grated many centuries ago from Asia into 

 Alaska. The name Eskimo is an Algonquin 

 word meaning eaters of raw flesh, but they call 

 themselves Innuit, meaning the people. Al- 

 though they are scattered over Greenland, 

 Alaska, Labrador,' the islands of the Arctic 

 Ocean and parts of Asia bordering on the 

 Bering Sea, the same language is spoken by all 

 the different groups. 



Their Appearance and Dress. The Eskimos 

 are rather fat and squat in build. They have 

 wide, oval faces, high cheek bones, flat noses, 

 oblique eyes, straight hair, jet-black in color. 



THE ESKIMO | Partly melted roof 



replaced by skins 



and a light-brown complexion 

 when it is clean! They never 

 wash, however, and the older they 

 grow, the darker and greasier they become. 



In the intense cold of the polar regions skins 

 and furs are needed for outdoor wear all the 

 year. Underclothing and stockings are made 

 of the fine skin of the young reindeer. The 

 children sometimes wear bird-skins under- 

 neath, with the warm, downy feathers next to 

 their bodies. Trousers of deer or sealskin are 

 tucked into high boots, which are of reindeer 

 skin for winter wear and waterproof sealskin 

 for summer. Several fur jackets are usually 

 worn, the outer one made with a hood. An 

 Eskimo. will sometimes wear an extra jacket 

 of fish-skin, which he has been known to eat 

 in an emergency. Boys and girls are dressed 

 alike, and there is very little difference be- 

 tween the costumes for men and women, ex- 

 cept that the woman's hood is larger, like a 

 long pocket, and she can carry her baby tucked 

 snugly away in its warm folds. 



Their Unique Houses. No trees grow in the 

 far north, but the simple dwelling of the 



