ESKIMO DOG 



2078 



ESPERANTO 



Itelated SubjrotN. The reader who is inter- 

 ested in the Eskimos, their home countries and 

 their mode of living, will find helpful material 

 in the following articles in these volumes : 

 Alaska Indians, American 



Aleutian Islands Labrador 



Aleuts Seal 



Greenland Whale 



ESKIMO DOG, the beast of burden of the 

 Arctic regions, a strong and fierce member of 

 the dog family, descended from the wolf. It 

 is usually yellow or light gray in color, with 



The dogs are not affectionate and need to 

 be carefully watched. A man walking upright 

 would not be attacked unless -the dogs were 

 at the extremity of hunger, but a fall in the 

 snow, putting him at a disadvantage, might 



ESKIMO DOG 



an outer covering of long hair and woolly fur 

 beneath. The pointed muzzle, pricked ears 

 and bushy tail give it a very wolflike appear- 

 ance. It is easily trained to hunt and to draw 

 sleighs carrying heavy loads. The Eskimos 

 usually harness from four to eight dogs, 

 abreast, and under favorable conditions these 

 animals will travel sixty miles a day. In Alaska 

 it is customary to harness these dogs, which 

 the white men call "huskies," in single file, 

 usually five or six in a team; often they are 

 harnessed two abreast. In Labrador, six, nine 

 or twelve dogs are used for each sleigh, usu- 

 ally harnessed three abreast. The value of an 

 Eskimo dog varies considerably, ranging from 

 $10 or $15 to as much as $50 or even more, 

 according to strength, training and disposi- 

 tion. Eskjmos feed their dogs almost entirely 

 on fish and refuse, but dogs employed by 

 white men occasionally get boiled meal. 



ON A LONG JOURNEY 



cause the animals to attack him. Those who 

 have knowledge of the habits of these dogs 

 state that they should always be kept within 

 sight of the driver and within reach of a 

 stout hide whip. The Eskimo dog has short 

 legs, which make it appear smaller than it 

 really is. 



ESPAR'TO, a fiber grass extensively used 

 in Europe in the manufacture of paper. It 

 grows chiefly in Spain and Northern Africa, 

 although small quantities are found in dry 

 places in the United States from New England 

 west to Wisconsin. The expense of cleaning 

 it and the cost of transportation make its use 

 impractical in America. This grass, when 

 green, is also used in the manufacture of cord- 

 age, matting and similar articles. Cables of 

 esparto grass are used in the Spanish navy, 

 as they are light and will float on the water. 



Esparto grass resembles feather-grass. It 

 grows three or four feet high, in clusters from 

 two to ten feet in circumference. The stems 

 are hairy; the leaves are gray-green and they 

 grow six inches to three feet in length. 



ESPERANTO, es per ahn ' toh, a language 

 devised by Dr. Zamenhof of Warsaw, intended 

 to serve as a world language. Under the as- 

 sumed name of Dr. Esperanto, the originator 

 of the language published his first pamphlet 

 on the subject in 1887; from this the language 

 takes its name. The alphabet consists of 28 

 letters, 5 vowels (vokaloj) and 23 consonants 

 (konsonantoj) : 



A a, B b, C c, c, D d, Be, F f , G g, G g, H h, 

 U,\ I i, J j, J j, K k, LI, Mm, N n, O o, P p, 

 Rr, Ss, Ss, Tt, Uu, U u, Vv, Z z. 



The vocabulary is formed by using first the 

 root words which are common to all the prin- 

 cipal European languages; then those that are 



