ESSEN 



they leach not their own use ; but that Is a wla- 

 dom without them, and above them, won by ob- 

 servation. 



Read not to contradict and confute, nor to be- 

 lleye and take for granted, nor to rtn.l talk ami 

 discourse, but to weigh and i-.msl.ler. Some 

 books are to be tasted, others to be sWm&OWtd. 

 and some few to be chewed and digested, that 

 Is. some looks are to be read only In parts: 

 other* to be read but not curiously: and some 

 few to be read wholly, and with diligence and 

 .itt.-ntlon. Si.m.- lH,..ks also may I* read by 

 deputy, and extracts made of them by others : 

 but that would be only In the less Important ar- 

 guments and the meaner sort of books ; else dis- 

 tilled books are. like common distilled waters, 

 flashy things. Reading maketh a full man : con- 

 ference a ready man: and writing an exact 

 man : and. therefore, if a man write little, he had 

 Mid have a great memory : If he confer little, he 

 had need have a present wit ; and If he read 

 little, he had need have much cunning, to seem 

 to know that he .loth nt. 



Histories make men wise; poets, witty: the 

 mathematics, subtile: natural philosophy, deep: 

 m. mil. grave: logic and rhetoric, able to con- 

 ihere Is no stand or Impediment In 

 the wit. l.ut may ! wrought out by fit studies: 

 . .I..*-* of the IxMly may have appropri- 

 ate exercises : bowling is good for the stone and 

 ing for the lungs and breast, gentle 

 IK for the stomach, riding for the head, 

 .nid the like: so If a man's wit be wandering, 

 let him study the mathematics : for In demon- 

 ns If his wit be called away never- so 

 he must begin again : If his wit be not 

 apt to distinguish or find differences, let him 

 study the schoolmen ; If he be not apt to beat 

 over matters, and to call up one thing to prove 

 and Illustrate another, let him study the law- 

 yers' cases: so every defect of the mind may 

 have a special receipt. 



ESSEN, '<n, the home of the great Krupp 

 gun works, the greatest headquarters for the 

 manufacture of war munitions in the world. 

 The town is in Rhenish Prussia, Germany, 

 northeast of Diissoldorf, in the midst of a 

 rich coal and iron district. Essen grew from 

 about 9.000 people, in 1849. to over 450,000 

 in 1915, the greater part of this increase being 

 due to the development of the Krupp indus- 

 tries. Over 150,000 people are dependent upon 

 the steel industry alone for a livelihood. In 

 addition to cannon and military machinery of 

 oil kinds, the Krupps manufacture railway 

 equipment, motor care and other steel prod- 



The idea of an industrial community was 

 conceived by Alfred Krupp in 1848. In its 

 present numerous labor colonies, Essen rep- 

 resents a model industrial center where 30,000 

 persons are housed under ideal conditions and 

 enjoy many social advantages given to few 

 workmen in ordinary industrial communities. 



ESTEVAN 



It is a national institution in private hands, 

 and Bertha Krupp, daughter of the founder, 

 now Bertha Krupp von Bohlen, who is at its 

 head, is the richest woman in the world. The 

 stock valuation of the company is over sixty 

 million dollars. There are fifteen subsidiary 

 companies, and at least five hundred branches 

 in Germany and other parts of Europe. Al- 

 though the industrial activity of Essen is 

 recent, the town dates from the foundation 

 of the Benedictine nunnery in 873. See 

 KRUPP, FRIEDRICH ALFRED. 



ESTATE, estate', a legal term, used particu- 

 larly in relation to land, indicating the nature 

 of the right and the extent of interest which 

 a person has in the land he possesses. This 

 term arises from the fact that under the feu- 

 dal system (which see) the ownership of all 

 land was vested in the king, and all private 

 holders of land were his tenants. The inter- 

 est a tenant held in the land was called his 

 estate, that is, his status in reference to it, 

 and this was always less than absolute own- 

 ership. 



The chief division of estates is into estates 

 of freehold and estates not of freehold. There 

 are three principal kinds of freehold cst;r 

 The fee simple constitutes an absolute owner- 

 ship, without any restrictions whatever, the 

 owner having the right to dispose of the land 

 as he pleases. The fee tail is a freehold under 

 which the owner can bequeath his estate only 

 to some specified group of his descendants, as 

 male heirs, for instance. In America this is 

 practically unknown. The life estate gives 

 the possessor an interest in the land or prop- 

 erty during his life-time only. The estates 

 which are not freeholds are various forms of 

 tenancies, the difference usually being in the 

 period over which the contract extends, 

 whether for years, for life or from year to 

 year. 



ES'TEVAN, a town in Saskatchewan, 

 founded in 1902 and named for Miss Esther 

 Van Home, daughter of Sir William C. Van 

 Home. Estevan is in the southeast part of 

 the province, ten miles north of the interna- 

 tional boundary, 145 miles southeast of Moose 

 Jaw and 291 miles west of Winnipeg. It is 

 on the Souris River, which is not navigable, 

 and on the Soo line of the Canadian Pacific 

 Railway, and is the terminus of the Estevan 

 branch of the Canadian Northern Railway. It 

 is the center of the lignite coal area of South 

 Saskatchewan, and as the region grows the 

 town will doubtless keep pace with it. Coal 



