EUCHARIST 



2089 



EUGENICS 



or one for three tricks. The object is, with 

 or without help from the partner, to score at 

 least three out of five tricks. A game is ten 

 points, unless some other arrangement is made. 

 A player must always follow suit when he can. 



Consult Boyle's Games. 



EUCHARIST, u'kerist, a Greek word mean- 

 ing thankfulness or thanksgiving, and used in 

 the Christian Church to refer to the sacrament 

 instituted by Christ at the Last Supper with 

 His disciples. At that time, when partaking of 

 bread and wine, He said, "This is my body. 

 This is my blood." In Protestant churches it 

 is generally referred to as the Lord's Supper, 

 in the Roman Catholic as the Blessed Sacra- 

 ment. Protestant rituals include a frequent 

 observance of the sacrament. All Roman 

 Catholics who have attained use of reason 

 must receive Communion during Pascal season ; 

 but weekly, even daily, Communion is com- 

 mon. G.W.M. 



EUCLID, u'klid, OF ALEXANDRIA, a Greek 

 whose text-book on elementary geometry, writ- 

 ten twenty-two centuries ago, is still in use in 

 schools. In England, in parts of Canada and 

 in some other countries boys and girls do not 

 say, "I must study my geometry," as in the 

 United States, but, "I must study my Euclid." 

 The Elements of the famous geometrician con- 

 sisted of thirteen books, or perhaps of fifteen, 

 but as a rule only six books are studied. 



Of Euclid's life little is known. Most of our 

 information is gained from the commentary 

 by Proclus written seven centuries later than 

 the Elements. Proclus says that Euclid lived 

 in the time of Ptolemy I, who reigned from 

 323 to 285 B.C. He tells that when the king 

 asked if there were not an easier way to learn 

 geometry than by the study of the Elements, 

 Euclid answered, "There is no other royal road 

 to geometry." 



EUGENE, ujeen' , ORE., the county seat of 

 Lane County, a city in the west-central part 

 of the state, situated on the Willamette River 

 at the head of navigation. Its supporting in- 

 dustries are lumbering and agriculture. Port- 

 land is 123 miles north. Eugene is on the 

 main line of the Southern Pacific, from San 

 Francisco to Portland, is the terminus of the 

 new branch to Coos Bay on the Pacific coast, 

 and is served by two electric lines. The pop- 

 ulation in 1910 was 9,009; in 1916 it was esti- 

 mated to be 13,572. 



Eugene is situated in a natural amphitheater, 

 partially surrounded by low hills of the Cas- 

 cade Range, whose white peaks are visible in 



the distance. It is the land of the Douglas fir, 

 and according to government figures there are 

 in Lane County, which is approximately the 

 size of the state of Connecticut, sixty billion 

 board feet of America's greatest all-utility 

 wood. Eugene is the commercial center for 

 the industries of fruit raising, diversified farm- 

 ing and mining (gold and silver), carried on in 

 the upper part of the fertile Willamette val- 

 ley. The industrial enterprises of the city are 

 canneries; flouring, woolen, saw and planing 

 mills; sash, door, furniture and excelsior fac- 

 tories; iron works; machine shops; tanneries; 

 and brickyards. 



The University of Oregon (which see), at- 

 tended by about 1,500 students, and the Eugene 

 Bible College are located here. In addition to 

 the buildings of these institutions there are a 

 Federal building (occupied by offices of the 

 Forest Service and by the post office), a Car- 

 negie Library and two hospitals. The parks 

 of the city are spots of natural, rugged beauty. 



Eugene was settled in 1854 and incorporated 

 in 1864. The city is governed under a charter 

 of 1893. 



EUGfiNE, ujeen', FRANCOIS (1663-1736), 

 called PRINCE EUGENE OF SAVOY, was an Aus- 

 trian general who shared with the Duke of 

 Marlborough the honors of the War of the 

 Spanish Succession (see SUCCESSION WARS). 

 Prince Eugene was one of the greatest military 

 leaders of modern times. He was a French- 

 man by birth, but early in his career renounced 

 his allegiance to King Louis XIV because the 

 latter had refused him a commission, and he 

 joined the Austrian army. At the outbreak of 

 the War of the Spanish Succession he invaded 

 Italy and routed the French at the battles of 

 Chiari and Luzzara. Later he joined Marl- 

 borough in Germany, and their united forces 

 won the Battle of Blenheim, the "famous vic- 

 tory" of Southey's poem. By his victory at 

 Turin in 1706 Eugene drove the French from 

 Italy. With Marlborough he won the battles 

 of Oudenarde and Lille in 1708, and that of 

 Malplaquet in 1709. In a later war against 

 the Turks he was equally conspicuous. The 

 last years of his life were devoted to art and 

 literature. 



EUGENICS, ujen'iks. There are various 

 sciences which devote themselves to unusual 

 subjects sciences which make a study of 

 shells, of word-endings or of the fossil leaf- 

 forms found in the rocks; but surely the most 

 curious of all is the "science of being well 

 born." This nearly new science is called 



