FELDSPAR 



2150 



FELONY 



ure when it is able to exercise the special 

 kind of activity for which it instinctively 

 craves. As an instance, everybody has noticed 

 how a kitten likes to play with a rolling ball. 

 The instinct of a kitten is to stalk prey and 

 seize it by a sudden leap. The rolling ball 

 sets this instinctive organization in motion, 

 and the kitten derives pleasure from exercis- 

 ing it. 



Characteristics of the Feelings. We have 

 seen that feelings are accompanied by pleasure 

 or pain. This is known as the tone of the 

 feeling. Besides tone, feelings, including the 

 emotions, are characterized by strength, 

 rhythm and content. Strength refers to the 

 intensity of the feeling. By rhythm is meant 

 the length and the form of feelings. A feeling, 

 for instance, like anger, rises gradually and 

 then subsides, following a rhythmical motion 

 comparable to the waves of the sea. By con- 

 tent is meant the mental state that occasioned 

 the feeling. The content may be very simple, 

 as when we view a beautiful landscape, or it 

 may be complex, as when we are stirred by 

 love of country. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following' articles in these volumes : 

 Interest Will 



Psychology 



FELDSPAR, jeld'spahr. If we examine a 

 piece of granite, we notice one substance which 

 gives the rock its prevailing color; it has a 

 pearly luster, and may vary in color from 

 white to pink, red or green. This substance 

 is feldspar; next to quartz and limestone it 

 is the most important rock-forming mineral. 

 Feldspar is a compound of silica and alumi- 

 num, combined with potash, soda or lime. So 

 we have potash feldspar, soda feldspar and 

 lime feldspar. Potash feldspar is the most 

 abundant and is generally known as common 

 feldspar the kind seen in granite. Another 

 name for it is orthoclase, a Greek word mean- 

 ing splitting at right angles, and used because 

 the ends of crystals of feldspar form right 

 angles with the sides, which are five in num- 

 ber, so that a perfect crystal of feldspar is 

 a five-sided prism. There are many varieties 

 of feldspar; one of the purest forms kaolin 

 (which see). Another variety is known as 

 moonstone, because its surface has the appear- 

 ance of reflected moonlight. Labradorite con- 

 tains beautiful blue crystals, microcline is light 

 green, anorthite is pink, and a peculiar white 

 variety is known as albite. See GRANITE; 

 CLEAVAGE. 



FE'LIX, ANTONIUS, a Roman procurator, or 

 governor, of Judea (A. D. 52-60), who rose to 

 power from slavery and governed with exces- 

 sive severity. His rule was marked by con- 

 stant disturbance and revolt. Unfavorable 

 reference to him is made in history by Tacitus 

 and in the New Testament (Acts XXIII). 

 The Apostle Paul was sent to be judged be- 

 fore him and was held in custody for two 

 years. 



FELLOWSHIP, f el' o ship, a sum of money, 

 the income of which is bestowed upon a grad- 

 uate of a college or university for marked 

 proficiency, to aid him in pursuing further 

 studies. The average amount given to a stu- 

 dent is $500; many fellowships are for less 

 amounts, while others are for more, such as 

 the Johnston appointment at Johns Hopkins 

 University, which is $1,500. A fellowship is 

 usually bestowed without regard to the col- 

 lege of which the student is a graduate. How- 

 ever, the holder is expected to do graduate 

 work in the department to which the fellow- 

 ship is attached, and generally this work must 

 be done at the institution which grants it, or 

 at some other particularly specified. 



At the University of Illinois are ten $500 fel- 

 lowships in experimental engineering, while at 

 Harvard there are thirty teaching fellowships. 

 Most of the money which forms the founda- 

 tion, or fellowship, comes from personal gifts, 

 bequests, or memorial gifts, while the remain- 

 der is appropriated from general university 

 funds. Fellowships in the United States are 

 usually for one year, though the student may 

 be reflected ; but in England the ordinary hold- 

 ing lasts six or seven years, while many fel- 

 lowships are held a lifetime. In the Sorbonne 

 at Paris the fellowship has become merely an 

 honorary distinction with no money attach- 

 ment, while in the newer English universities 

 it is rarely worth more than $150, and is held 

 for from one to three years. 



FELONY, fel'oni, any offense of a nature 

 so serious as to be punishable by death or im- 

 prisonment. The crimes classed as felonies 

 are homicide, or the killing of one person by 

 another, theft, robbery, burglary and like of- 

 fences. Under constitutional law it is not pos- 

 sible to extend any penalty beyond the loss of 

 life or liberty of the guilty individual, and 

 most states and provinces now define the pen- 

 alties by statute. A violation of law of less 

 serious nature than felony is punishable by 

 a fine, or brief jail sentence, and is known as 

 a misdemeanor (which see). 



