FILLMORE 



2173 



FILTER 



Outline and Questions on 

 Millard Fillmore 



Outline 



I. Years of Preparation 



( 1 ) Birth and parentage 



(2) Lack of schooling 



(3) Years of apprenticeship 



( 4 ) Law study 



(5) Rise in legal profession 



II. Early Political Career 



( 1 ) In New York legislature 



(2) In national House of Representa- 



tives 



(a) Chairman of Committee on 



Ways and Means 



(b) Part in slavery struggle 



(c) Tariff of 1842 



(3) Comptroller of New York 



(4) Election to Vice-Presidency 



(a) Fairness and impartiality in 



Senate 



(b) Death of Taylor 



III. Administration 



( 1 ) Government affairs 



(a) Compromise of 1850 



(b) Aid for ftossuth 



(c) Reduction of postage rates 



(d) Perry's expedition to Japan 



(e) Effects of Fugitive Slave Law 



(2) Internal and local affairs 



(a) "Underground railway" 



(b) Uncle Tom's Cabin 



1. Effect in crystallizing anti- 

 slavery sentiment 



(c) Prohibition in Maine 



(d) Visit of Kossuth 



(e) Deaths of Clay and Webster 



(f) Pacific railways begun 



(3) Election of 1852 



(a) Candidates 



(b) The issue 



(c) The result 



1. Small electoral vote secured 

 by Fillmore 



IV. Summary 



( 1 ) Retirement and death 



(2) Character 



Questions 



What other Presidents did Fillmore 

 resemble in the circumstances attend- 

 ing his boyhood days? 



What was Fillmore's chief work as 

 chairman of the Ways and Means Com- 

 mittee of Congress? 



What would it have cost at the be- 

 ginning of this administration to send 

 a letter from New York to Boston? At 

 the end? 



What act of Fillmore's lost him his 

 popularity and possible reelection? 

 What was his motive in performing it? 



What did the President believe would 

 be the most satisfactory method of 

 dealing with the negro question? 



How did a book published during this 

 administration play a very real part in 

 the history of the country? 



Why is Fillmore called an "accidental 

 President? To what other Presidents 

 does the name apply? 



How many books was young Millard 

 familiar with in his boyhood? What 

 was the first book he ever purchased? 



How did he in his position as presid- 

 ing officer of the Senate reverse the 

 policy of his predecessors? 



the passage of the first prohibition law by 

 Maine in 1851 ; the beginning of the construc- 

 tion of Pacific railways, and reduction of letter 

 postage from five cents to three cents. 



In Retirement. In 1852 Webster and Gen- 

 eral Winfield Scott were both candidates for 

 the Whig nomination for President, and Fill- 

 more was anxious for a renomination. Scott 

 was chosen, but was defeated in the election 

 by Franklin Pierce, the Democratic candidate, 

 who thus became Fillmore's successor. Fill- 

 more was nominated for President in 1856 both 

 by the Whigs and by the Know-Nothings, or 

 American party. Though he received nearly 

 900,000 votes, compared to 1,300,000 for Fre- 

 mont and 1,800,000 for Buchanan, he carried 

 only one state, Maryland, which gave him eight 

 electoral votes. 



During the rest of his life he continued to 

 take an active interest, but no part, in politics. 

 For twenty years he occupied a unique position 

 in Buffalo, his home city, of which he was the 

 most distinguished citizen. His death occurred 

 unexpectedly on March 8, 1874, and he was 

 buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery. W.F.Z. 



FIL'TER, a device containing a porous sub- 

 stance for straining solid particles or impurities 

 from a liquid. The material for filtering may 

 be paper, cloth, charcoal, unglazed porcelain 

 or other similar media. The name is derived 

 from the Latin filtrum, meaning felt, which was 

 the material first used for the purpose. Pre- 

 vious to the nineteenth century if a filter made 

 water clear that was all that was required, but 

 modern sanitary science discovered that some 

 filters did not remove germs and bacteria, 

 and more efficient means were resorted to in 

 order to purify water for domestic purposes. 

 The filters now in general use are cases filled 

 with charcoal, sand, powdered glass or coal 

 cinders. Charcoal, in particular, is an excellent 

 filter, as it absorbs noxious gases. Impure 

 water enters at the top of this device and 

 flows slowly through the purifying substance, 

 which absorbs the objectionable matter. A 

 home-made filter may be as effective as one 

 that can be purchased. 



All water for drinking purposes, except from 

 deep wells where drainage is perfect, or from 

 springs, should be filtered. The best method 

 in cities is to have a filter attached to the 

 pipes of the house supply so as to insure 

 filtered water running from all the faucets. 

 In the absence of filters, if the water is thought 

 to be infected, it should be boiled, allowed to 

 cool in an open vessel and frequently stirred 



