FISH 



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FISH 



erraen row a distance away and set the second 

 trawl. In fair weather a trawl may remain 

 set over night; in rough weather it is pulled 

 into the dory and taken aboard the schooner. 

 Pulling the trawl with its catch of fish from 

 off the ocean bottom into the dory is called 

 "under-running" the trawl. 



Methods of Catching Mackerel. The meth- 

 ods employed in mackerel fishing differ en- 

 tirely from those in cod and halibut fishery, 

 as the habits of the fish differ. Mackerel 

 roam over large areas of the sea in a season, 

 while the ground-fish remain near their respec- 

 tive feeding-grounds. Mackerel are caught at 

 the surface of the water; the ground-fish are 

 caught near the bottom of the sea. Mackerel 

 fishing is pursued from April until November, 

 while the ground-fishing is carried on at all 

 seasons of the year. Mackerel are taken along 

 the Atlantic coast from the Virginia capes to 

 Anticosti Island, in the Gulf of the Saint Law- 

 rence. The ground-fish are taken principally 

 on the fishing grounds of New England waters 

 and of the maritime provinces of Canada. 

 Like birds of passage, mackerel migrate from 

 the southern to the northern waters every 

 year. They are first discovered by fishermen 

 off the capes of Virginia in early April. Every 

 spring they spawn in the shallow waters of 

 the New England shores and the Gulf of 

 Saint Lawrence; in the late fall months they 

 gather in large schools and journey southward 

 again. It is a mystery where they live during 

 the winter months. 



Formerly mackerel were taken by means of 

 a mackerel-jig, or hook, the fishing being done 

 by single lines from the schooner's deck. 

 Every mackerel schooner now has one or two 

 seine-boats which are used when the setting 

 of the seine is made. Mackerel seines are 

 large nets about 125 feet deep and one-quarter 

 of a mile in length. The seining fleets reach 

 the southern fishing-grounds near the first of 

 April. They follow the mackerel northward 

 as they advance toward New England. 



By the middle of May the fleet returns from 

 the southern fishing and sails for the coast 

 of Nova Scotia, on what is called the Cape 

 Shore trip. The mackerel in that region fol- 

 low along the coast of Nova Scotia on their 

 way to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The Cape 

 Shore trip usually is over by the middle of 

 June. During the remainder of the summer 

 the fishing may be in the vicinity of Block 

 Island, in the Gulf of Maine or in the Gulf 

 of Saint Lawrence. 



Seining schooners carry crews of eighteen 

 men each. One-half the gross stock of the 

 vessel, after deducting the value of salt, bar- 

 rels and gasoline used in making the stock, is 

 divided equally among the vessel's crew; the 

 other half goes to the owners of the schooner. 

 The average share per man for a crew of 

 eighteen varies from $22 to $28 for every 

 $1,000 worth of stock, depending upon the 

 expenses and the length of the trip. R.MC F. 



Consult Murray's The Depths of the Ocean; 

 Jordan's Fishes. 



Related Subjects. The first section of the 



above article contains such general descriptive 

 matter as applies to all fish. In these volumes, 



however, are included scores of articles on the 

 different kinds of fish, and the list which follows 



will make reference to them an easy task. A 



few articles of a more general nature are also 

 included in this index. 



Alewife Pickerel 



Angler pike 



Aquarium pike Perch 



Archer-fish Pilchard 



Bass Pilot Fish 



Bluefish Pipefish 



Candlefish Pompano 



Carp Ray 



Catfish Redfish 



Cod Ribbon Fish 



Devil Fish Salmon 



Dogfish Salmon Trout 



Eel Sardine 



Electrical Fishes Sawfish 



Flatfish Sculpin 



Flounder Shad 



Flying Fish Shark 



Gar Skate 



Goldfish Smelt 



Grayling Sole 



Grunt Spawn 



Gurnard Sprat 



Haddock Stickleback 



Hake Sting Ray 



Halibut Sturgeon 



Herring Sucker 



Hippocampus Sunfish 



Jewfish Swordfish 



Lamprey Tarpon 



Lantern Fish Tilefish 



Lumpfish Torpedo 



Mackerel Trout 



Menhaden Tunny 



Mullet Turbot 



Muskellunge Whitefish 



Paddlefish Wolf Fish 

 Perch 



FISH, the family name of two American 

 public men, father and son, one notable in 

 political history, the other in business. 



Hamilton Fish (1808-1893) won distinction 

 as a lawyer, statesman and diplomat. He was 

 born in New York City, was graduated at 

 Columbia College (now Columbia University) 



