FOOLS 



2252 



FOOT 



hour; remove from brine; cut into convenient 

 sections; and pack in glass jars, with the skin 

 toward the outside. Add level teaspoonful of 

 salt per quart ; put rubber and cap in position, 

 not tight; and sterilize for the length of time 

 given below for the one particular type of out- 

 fit you are using: 



HOURS 



Water bath 3 



Water seal. 214 3 



Steam pressure 5 pounds 2% 



Steam pressure 1 5 pounds 1 % 



Remove jars ; tighten covers ; invert to cool and 

 test the joint : wrap the Jars with paper to pre- 

 vent bleaching. O.K.F. 



Related Subject*. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Boys' and Girls' Clubs Gardening 

 Canning Clubs School Garden 



and to each fruit, vegetable or other product 

 named In the text of the above article. 



FOOLS, FEAST OF, a celebration of unknown 

 origin, current between the fifth and sixteenth 

 centuries in many countries of Europe, marked 

 by merriment and absurdities of a boisterous 



GREEK 

 12.14 



INCHE 



twelve inches was adopted in England in the 

 reign of Henry I, the length of whose arm was 

 declared to be the standard length of one yard. 

 The foot was then made one-third of a yard. 



In arithmetic, the square foot is a unit of 

 measure in square or surface measurement. 

 This unit is equivalent to a square, each of 

 whose sides is one foot long. It therefore con- 

 tains 12X12, or 144, square inches. In measur- 

 ing solids, a cubic foot is a unit of measure. 

 This is equivalent to a cube one foot high, one 

 foot wide and one foot in breadth (see CUBE). 

 It contains 12X12X12, or 1728, cubic inches. 

 The board foot, a unit of measure for logs and 

 lumber, is a board one foot square and one inch 

 thick; therefore a board 12 feet long, 1 foot 

 wide and 2 inches thick contains 24 board feet. 

 See SQUARE MEASURE; CUBIC MEASURE. 



FOOT, that portion of the skeleton of man 

 and other vertebrate (back-boned) animals 

 which forms the termination of the legs. In 

 regard to structure, the foot bears a close 



MACDONIA 1408 IN 



SICILY 8.75 IN. 

 j 



PYTHIA-9.72IN. 



GENEVA 

 19.21 

 INCHES 



THE ORIGIN OF THE FOOT AS A STANDARD OF LINEAR MEASURE 



nature. It was a Christian form of the Roman 

 Saturnalia, and in common with that festival, 

 occurred in December. The ceremonies usually 

 consisted of dramatic representations, the prin- 

 cipal church of the place serving as the theater, 

 and if the clergy did not actually participate 

 .they formed an interested audience. One form 

 of celebration consisted in the election of a 

 mock pope, cardinal, archbishop, bishop or 

 abbot, under the title of Pope of Fools, Boy 

 Bishop, etc. On election day the mob took 

 possession of the churches, and even mimicked 

 the performance of the highest offices of the 

 Church. The orgies which continued in many 

 places until the sixteenth century, and in the 

 south of France survived until 1644, became so 

 marked by license and lawlessness that they 

 were finally prohibited by the Church. 



FOOT, a measure of length originally based 

 on the length of the human foot, to which 

 fact its name is due. The accompanying illus- 

 tration shows how the standard has varied in 

 different countries. In the English system, in 

 general use in America and Great Britain, the 

 length of a foot is twelve inches, or .3048 of a 

 meter (see METRIC SYSTEM). The foot of 



resemblance to the hand, but its bones are 

 larger and stronger and at the same time less 

 flexible than those of the hand. The skeleton 

 of the foot consists of seven rounded tarsal 

 bones, which lie below the ankle joint and form 

 the instep ; five slender metatarsal bones, which 

 form the ball of the foot, and fourteen pha- 

 langes, found in the toes. There are two 

 phalanges in the great toe of each foot and 

 three in each of the other toes. 



The foot bones in man are so arranged as to 

 form an elastic arch, which reaches from the 

 rear end of the heel to the front ends of the 

 tarsal bones. In walking, the arch bears upon 

 the ground only at the heel and ball of the 

 foot, and it is admirably adapted to breaking 

 the jars which would be transmitted to the 

 spinal column were the foot not provided with 

 this natural, elastic spring. The arched instep 

 is one of the characteristics which distinguish 

 man from the beasts. Nearly all of the lower 

 animals walk upon the tips of their toes, and 

 even those which rest the heel on the ground 

 in walking, as the bears, have only a slightly- 

 developed arch. A high arch is considered a 

 sign of beauty in the human foot, and it per- 



