FOOTE 



2261 



FORCE 



chief of the bureau of equipment and recruit- 

 ing, and in 1863 was appointed the successor 

 of Rear-Admiral Dupont as commander of the 

 fleet off Charleston. He died while on the 

 way to assume the duties of his new position. 

 A book written by him, entitled Africa and the 

 American Flag, deals largely with his African 

 cruise of 1849-1851. 



FOOTE, ARTHUR (1853- ), an American 

 concert pianist and organist whose composi- 

 tions have found their way into musical in- 

 struction all over America. He was born in 

 Salem, Mass., and is typically American, hav- 

 ing studied with the foremost American in- 

 structors. 



The first -of his compositions which won dis- 

 tinction was a Trio in C Major for piano and 

 stringed instruments, composed in 1883, at 

 which time he was giving a series of trio con- 

 certs. He has written extensively in all forms. 

 Of his longer works, the best known are Sym- 

 phonic Prologue, Franccsca da Rimini and 

 Suite in E Major for stringed orchestra. He 

 has written musical settings for well-known 

 poems, including Longfellow's The Wreck of 

 the Hesperus and Hiawatha and five poems 

 after Omar Khayyam. In addition to many 

 pieces for the organ and for church choruses, 

 he has almost a hundred songs to his credit, 

 among them the famous I'm Wearing Awa' ; 

 I Arise from Dreams of Thee; My Love's 

 Like a Red Red Rose, and In Picardie. Foote's 

 sincerity and genius have had an uplifting 

 influence upon modern American music. 



FOOTE, MARY HALLOCK (1847- ), an 

 American novelist and artist, born in Milton, 

 N. Y. After her marriage to a mining engineer 

 she lived for a number of years in Colorado, 

 Idaho and California, and her novels, illus- 

 trated by herself, depict western types and 

 scenery. Among them are The Led Horse 

 Claim, Coeur d'Alene, The Desert and the 

 Sown. She is also the author of many short 

 stories. 



FOOT-POUND. When a bundle of books is 

 lifted from the floor to be placed on the shelves 

 the resistance of the force of gravity must be 

 overcome. In order to overcome it a certain 

 amount of work is done, and this is in propor- 

 tion to the weight of the books and the height 

 of the shelves. Work therefore means the 

 overcoming of resistance, and it necessitates 

 the expenditure of energy. We can also define 

 work as the action of force through distance. 

 The amount of work to be done is determined 

 by the magnitude of the force, or the weight 



of the object and the distance through which 

 it acts. In the English system the unit em- 

 ployed to measure work is the foot-pound. 

 The foot-pound is the amount of work done in 

 order to raise a weight of one pound through 

 a distance of one foot. In the metric system 

 the unit of work is the gram-centimeter. The 

 gram-centimeter is the work done in order to 

 raise a weight of one gram through a distance 

 of one centimeter. 



FORBES-ROBERTSON, SIR JOHNSTON (1853- 

 ), one of the most distinguished actors of 

 the day, born in London, England. Originally 

 an artist, he turned to the stage when he 

 was twenty-one and in time was a. member of 

 various leading companies, including that of 

 Sir Henry Irving. In 1895 he appeared with 

 Mrs. Patrick Campbell in The Notorious Mrs. 

 Ebbsmith, and in Romeo and Juliet, in which 

 he and Mrs. Campbell played the title roles. 

 His first appearance in America with his own 

 company was in 1885 as Orlando in As You 

 Like It. Later American successes include 

 Hamlet, Caesar and Cleopatra, Mice and Men, 

 The Passing of the Third Floor Back and The 

 Light That Failed. He was knighted in 1913. 



FORCE. When we throw a ball into the. 

 air it falls to the ground. We say that it is 

 the pull of the earth, or the force of gravity, 

 which causes its fall. When we catch a ball 

 that has been thrown towards us .we say that 

 the force of our hands stops or destroys its 

 motion. When a magnet attracts small pieces 

 of iron we say that it is the magnetic force 

 that has made the pieces of iron move towards 

 it. In physics anything that produces, de- 

 stroys or changes motion or tends to produce 

 these effects is called a force. By long ex- 

 perience men have learned that the forces of 

 nature always act in a uniform way in other 

 words, that in nature the same causes will 

 always produce the same effects in similar 

 circumstances. The object of physics and of 

 other sciences is to discover the laws that 

 govern the forces of nature, in order to be 

 able to control them and to use them for our 

 advantage. 



Velocity and Acceleration. In physics a force 

 is measured by the velocity it produces in a 

 given mass in a definite portion of time, as 

 for instance, in one pound of mass in one 

 second. The rate at which a body moves is 

 called velocity, and the increase of velocity 

 in a given time is called acceleration. A body 

 weighing ten pounds will require a force ten 

 times greater than that necessary for a body 



