FRESNO 



FRIAR 



A special kind of fresco painting, called 

 fresco secco, is employed in house decorations. 

 In this process the colors are laid on tho walls 

 after the plaster is dry. Before the work is 

 begun the dry plaster is rubbed with pumice 

 stone for the purpose of removing the crust, 

 and it is then washed with water mixed with 

 a little lime. Such decorations have neither 

 the permanence nor the delicacy of true fres- 

 coes. R.D.M. 



FRESNO, jrez'no, CAL., a prosperous grain 

 and stock market, and the county seat of 

 Fresno County, situated in the fertile San 

 Joaquin Valley, in the central part of the 

 state, 208 miles southeast of San Francisco. 

 It is on the Southern Pacific and the Atchison, 

 Topeka & Santa Fe railroads. In 1910 the 

 population was 24,892; in 1916 it was 34,958, 

 by Federal estimate. The area of the city is 

 about five square miles. 



Fresno is the shipping point for an impor- 

 tant agricultural and stock-raising section. The 

 principal exports include raisins, which are 

 grown extensively, and raisin products, grapes, 

 oranges, olives and other fruits, including 

 Smyrna figs, and wheat, sheep and horses. 

 Near the city is Kearney Park, an irrigated 

 experimental farm owned by the University 

 of California. Fresno is in a rich petroleum 

 field and possesses several important industrial 

 establishments. These include an oil refinery, 

 fruit-packing plants, icing plants, a cooperage, 

 planing and flour mills, a macaroni factory and 

 fruit-drying establishments. 



Among the more prominent public build- 

 ings are the Federal building, erected at a 

 cost of $250,000, the courthouse, city hall and 

 Carnegie Library. A short distance east of the 

 city is King's River Canon, southeast is the 

 Sequoia National Park, and forty miles south 

 is Tulare Lake. Fresno was settled in 1872, 

 became the county seat two years later and 

 received a city charter in 1885. 



FREUD, froit, AND FREUDIAN VIEWS. 

 See SUBCONSCIOUS. 



FREY, /ray, one of the most celebrated of 

 the gods in Norse mythology, was the son of 

 the sea god Njord, and brother to Freyja, the 

 goddess of love. He presided over the rain 

 and sunshine as well as all the fruits of the 

 earth. At sacrificial feasts the Norsemen and 

 their guests filled their horns and prayed to 

 him for a prosperous season and for peace. 



Frey was* an especial favorite of the other 

 gods, who presented him with gifts which fig- 

 ure prominently in Norse mythology, among 



them a magic sword which would fight by 

 itself the moment it was drawn from its scab- 

 bard; a ship' which, while large enough to 

 carry all of the gods and their attendants, at 

 will could be folded up and tucked into a 

 pocket; and a boar with golden bristles, which 

 enabled Frey to ride over land and sea with 

 incredible swiftness. Frey fell in love with 

 Gerda, the daughter of the giant Gymer, and in 

 order to gain the assistance of his servant in 

 winning the lovely maiden for his bride, Frey 

 was obliged to part with his wonderful sword, 

 which was afterward greatly needed by the 

 gods in all their combats. Frey was wor- 

 shiped extensively throughout the Northern 

 countries ; in fact, in some provinces of Sweden 

 the people at an early day put their highest 

 trust in him and even believed that at times 

 he appeared in human form. 



FREYJA, jra'yah, in Norse mythology, the 

 goddess of love and beauty, and the sister of 

 Frey (which see). Although she corresponds 

 to Venus of Greek mythology, the conception 

 of her differs somewhat, as Freyja is regarded 

 to some extent as a war goddess, and often 

 accompanied the valkyries when they flew down 

 to the battlefields to carry away the slain 

 warriors (see VALKYRIE). She always asserted 

 her right to one-half of the slain, the other 

 half belonging to Odin, the god who repre- 

 sented the spirit of life. The warriors after- 

 wards were carried to her palace and there 

 entertained sumptuously. 



Freyja married a god named Oder, who 

 deserted her in order to travel into remote 

 countries; from the day of her desertion she 

 wept continuously, and her tears were drops 

 of gold. She is, therefore, called the fair, 

 weeping goddess. In Norse poetry, gold is 

 called "Freyja's tears" and "the rain of 

 Freyja's brows or cheeks." Freyja's cats, which 

 drew the chariot wherein she traveled in quest 

 of her husband, symbolize sly fondling and 

 sensual enjoyment. The name of her husband, 

 Oder, signifies wild desire. The diversified 

 names bestowed upon Freyja in her journey- 

 ings to the various countries visited denote 

 the various modes by which love reveals itself 

 in human life. 



FRI'AR, a general name applied to a mem- 

 ber of a comparatively recent religious Order 

 to distinguish him from a member of an older 

 community of monks. The latter title applies 

 especially to the Benedictines and their 

 branches, and is incorrectly applied to the 

 mendicant Orders. The founders of the Do- 



