FULGURITE 



2347 



FULMAR 



its summit, or worship at the shrines and tem- 

 ples along the way. Moreover, it is one of 

 the most interesting objects in all Japan for 

 tourists. Through Japanese legend and art, 

 as shown on many objects, from beautiful 



FUJIYAMA 



screens to dainty fans or teacups, all nations 

 of the world -have come to know this perfect 

 cone-shaped "Matchless Mountain," with its 

 snow-capped peak caressed by clouds. That it 

 was once a flaming volcano is now almost for- 

 gotten, for the last eruption from its 500-foot 

 crater took place in 1707. 



FULGURITE, jul'gurite, a term derived 

 from the Latin word fulgur, which means 

 lightning, and has been modernly applied to 

 an explosive. Technically, fulgurite is a rocky 

 substance, formed into a sort of impure glass 

 by fusion caused by a stroke of lightning. It 

 is therefore somewhat rare, and assumes the 

 form of a vertical tube. Sometimes these 

 tubes run for several feet downward in the 

 sand, but they are rarely found in hard or 

 compact rock. The tubes have the appearance 

 of opaque glass. Particles of minerals like 

 mica and feldspar are more easily melted than 

 materials which 

 are composed 

 largely of quartz. 



FULLER, MAR- 

 GARET. See OSSOLJ, 

 SARAH MARGARET 

 FULLER. 



FULLER, MEL- 

 VILLE W E S T N 

 (1833-1910), Chief 

 Justice of the 

 United States Su- 

 preme Court for MELVILLE W. FULLER 



twenty-two years. For twenty-two years Chief 

 f. _. . Justice of the Supreme Court 



On Monday, of the United States, the high- 

 April 30, 1888, he est J udicial os 

 was nominated by President Cleveland to fill 

 the vacancy occasioned by the death of Chief 

 Justice Morrison R. Waite. President Cleve- 



land said that a Chief Justice was needed who 

 would be a man of efficiency as a business 

 manager, and within a year, under Fuller's 

 direction, the old-time delays in the business 

 of the Court began to be remedied. He sys- 

 tematized the work so as to eliminate the law's 

 delays as far as possible, thus proving that the 

 right man had been chosen. 



He was a graduate of Bowdoin College at 

 the age of twenty, studied law at Harvard, and 

 was admitted to the bar in Augusta, Me., in 

 1855. In 1856 he moved to Chicago, where he 

 practiced law for thirty-two years. He be- 

 came a member of the Illinois constitutional 

 convention in 1862, the following year was 

 elected to the state legislature, and four times 

 was a delegate to the Democratic National 

 Convention for the nomination of the Presi- 

 dential candidates. He withdrew from active 

 politics in 1880. He was one of the arbitra- 

 tors of the Anglo- Venezuelan controversy in 

 1899. 



FULLER'S EARTH, a variety of clay some- 

 times used for cleaning cloth that has been 

 soiled by grease or oil. It is in the form of 

 a fine powder which is very porous; when ap- 

 plied to cloth the earth absorbs the grease. 

 Fuller's earth was formerly used in factories 

 for scouring woolen fabrics, but other methods 

 have replaced it. It is composed of alumina, 

 silica, magnesia and lime, and feels like pow- 

 dered soap. 



FUL'MAR, a name applied to any of sev- 

 eral species of oceanic petrels. The common 

 northern fulmar is about the size of a duck. 

 It abounds in most northern seas, and breeds 

 on the rocky shores of the Faroe Islands, Ice- 

 land, Greenland, 

 Spitzbergen, etc., 

 making an exca- 

 vation in high, 

 rocky places for 

 its nest, in which 

 it lays one egg. ; 

 It is rarely found ^ 

 on the United 

 States coast south 

 of Massachusetts, A FULMAR 



or on the southern coasts of Great Britain, but 

 is most in evidence on Saint Kilda, in the 

 Outer Hebrides, Scotland, and neighboring 

 isles. Its flesh and eggs are highly prized by 

 the inhabitants of Saint Kilda. The bird is 

 also valued for its feathers, down and oil. It 

 feeds on any animal substance, with a prefer- 

 ence for whale blubber. See PETREL. 



