GABRIEL 



2358 



GADWALL 



angle, making what is known as a crow gable or 

 stepped gable. 



GA'BRIEL, in Bible story, was the favorite 

 of the seven archangels of Jehovah, and the 

 one chosen to carry His messages to mortals. 

 The name, which means hero oj God, indicates 

 how well fitted this angel was to inspire with 

 courage and faith the person to whom he 

 carried the message. We first hear of Gabriel 

 in the eighth and ninth chapters of Daniel, 

 when he interprets the prophet's vision of the 

 ram and the he-goat, and later brings the 

 explanation of the seventy weeks. 



In the New Testament he announces to 

 Zacharias the birth of John the Baptist, Luke I, 

 19, and to Mary the birth of Christ, Luke I, 26. 

 The announcement of Christ's birth to the 

 Virgin Mary by the angel Gabriel has been 

 represented in art by many great masters. 

 These paintings, which bear the name The 

 Annunciation, are in many famous galleries of 

 Europe. The best are those of Murillo, in the 

 Madrid and Seville museums; of Fra Angelico, 

 in the Madrid Museum; of Fra Bartolommeo, 

 in the Louvre; and of Titian, in Scuola di San 

 Rocco, Venice. See ANNUNCIATION, THE. 



GADFLY. See HORSE FLY. 



GADS 'DEN, ALA., the county seat of Etowah 

 County, situated in the northeastern part of 

 the state, fifty-six miles by rail northeast of 

 Birmingham. It lies to the southwest of Look- 

 out Mountain, and is on the Coosa River and 

 on the Chattanooga Southern, the Louisville & 

 Nashville, the Southern, and the Nashville, 

 Chattanooga & Saint Louis railroads. In 1910 

 the population was 10,557 ; in 1916 it was 14,642, 

 by Federal estimate. Gadsden is in the vicin- 

 ity of rich coal and iron-ore mines and yellow- 

 pine forests, and has important trade interests. 

 The industrial establishments of the city in- 

 clude steel mills, lumber mills, wood-working 

 plants, blast furnaces, foundries, machine shops, 

 car works and cotton mills. The city has a 

 marble Federal building and attractive churches 

 and schools. Gadsden was settled about 1845 

 and incorporated in 1867. 



GADSDEN PURCHASE. On June 30, 1854, 

 an international treaty of sale was ratified 

 wherein the United States purchased a tract of 

 land south of the Gila River in Arizona from 

 Mexico for $10,000,000. James Gadsden, United 

 States minister to Mexico, conducted the 

 treaty negotiations with Santa Anna, and the 

 sale met with so much opposition in Mex- 

 ico that Santa Anna was banished from his 

 country the following year. The purchase was 



made to settle a dispute over the boundary 

 line between Mexico and the United States, 

 and by it the latter country acquired 45,535 

 square miles of territory. 



CAL 



THE GADSDEN PURCHASE 



GADSKI, gaht'ski, JOHANNA W. TAUSCHER 

 (1872- ), a German soprano, whose power- 

 ful voice and wonderful dramatic ability have 

 won her fame in many Wagnerian roles. She 

 was born and educated in Prussia, and after 

 making her debut 

 in Berlin at the 

 age of seventeen 

 as Nudine in 

 Lortzing's opera 

 of that name, she 

 was engaged 

 there to sing dur- 

 ing each season 

 for the next four 

 years. In 1892 

 she married H. 

 Tauscher, an offi- 

 cer in the Aus- 

 trian army, but 

 continued her 

 public work. After touring in Holland and 

 Germany she made her debut in New York at 

 the Metropolitan Opera House in 1895, under 

 Walter Damrosch. From that time, when she 

 sang as Elsa in Lohengrin, her fame has been 

 secure. In 1898 she joined the Metropolitan 

 Opera Company, since which time she has 

 sung in nearly every large city in Europe and 

 America. Her audience is always thrilled by 

 her deep, rich voice and commanding presence 

 as well as by her power to enter into the 

 personality of the character which she portrays 

 in the opera. The kingdom of Bavaria pre- 

 sented her with a gold medal for art and 

 sciences. 



GAD/ WALL, or GRAY DUCK, a favorite 

 game bird esteemed for the table on all conti- 

 nents. It is black and white, marked with 

 brown, and is from twenty to twenty-two 



MADAME GADSKI 



