GAEL 



2359 



GAINSBOROUGH 



inches long, not quite as large as the mallard, 

 which it resembles in voice and habits. Shy 

 and fearful of enemies, it sleeps in the grasses 

 of shallow lakes and ponds in midday, and 

 feeds during morning and evening twilight on 

 grains and small water animals. In its grassy 



THE GADWALL, 



nest it lays eight to twelve creamy-white eggs. 

 In America it breeds from Southern British 

 Columbia, Central Alberta and Central Kee- 

 watin south to states north of Kentucky, mi- 

 grating in winter as far south as the Gulf 

 States. To sportsmen of the Atlantic coast, 

 however, this bird is practically unknown. See 

 DUCK. 



GAEL, gale, the name of that branch of the 

 Celtic race inhabiting the Highlands of Scot- 

 land, Ireland and the Isle of Man. The High- 

 landers of Scotland call themselves the Gaels 

 of Albion, while the Celts of Ireland style 

 themselves the Gaels of Erin. The term Gaelic 

 is applied by some to the Irish language in 

 general, .but it is usually restricted to the 

 Celtic dialect spoken in the Highlands of Scot- 

 land. 



GAGE, THOMAS (1721-1787), an English gen- 

 eral who became famous as the colonial mili- 

 tary governor of Massachusetts. He was born 

 at Firle, in Sussex, received a lieutenant's 

 commission in the English army in 1741 and 

 accompanied Braddock to America in 1754. 

 Gage was with that general when he marched 

 his army through the wilderness as though he 

 were on a parade ground and was ambushed 

 by the Indians. He raised a regiment of troops 

 in 1758 and commanded it in the Ticonderoga 

 siege under Amherst, who made him governor 

 of Montreal in 1760. From 1763 to 1772 he 

 was chief of the English forces in America, 

 but later returned to England. 



In 1768 he was ordered to return to Boston 



for stricter enforcement of the Boston Post 

 Bill and Stamp Act, as King George had dis- 

 covered that money was not coming in fast 

 enough for the support of his army in America. 

 He found the Bostonians undaunted. His 

 troops took delight even in demolishing the 

 snow forts and skating places of the small 

 boys of the town. When the latter could stand 

 it no longer they called in a body on the gen- 

 eral and demanded that he make his soldiers 

 let their playgrounds alone. He complied with 

 their request, adding, "even the children make 

 demands for their rights." The first battle of 

 the Revolution was fought through his order 

 to seize the military stores at Concord, and 

 when, after the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775, 

 the British were nearly conquered, Gage was 

 recalled to England and Howe was assigned to 

 his command. 



GAILLARD, gal' lard, CUT, the name of the 

 former Culebra Cut. See PANAMA CANAL. 



GAINESVILLE, gaynz'vil, FLA., the county 

 seat of Alachua County, a favorite winter re- 

 sort for invalids, especially for those with 

 diseases of the lungs. It possesses a certain 

 historic interest, as it is in the old Seminole 

 Indian territory, and it has such show spots 

 in its neighborhood as Devil's Mill Hopper, 

 Newman's Lake and Alachua Sink, which is 

 now a stretch of grassy prairie, now a clear, 

 shallow lake. The University of Florida, one 

 of the newest of the state universities, is lo- 

 cated here, and there are yearly sessions of the 

 Chautauqua and of the Florida Winter Bible 

 Conference. 



The city is seventy miles southwest of Jack- 

 sonville, on the Seaboard Airline, the Tampa 

 & Jacksonville and the Atlantic Coast Line 

 railroads. It is of importance because one 

 of the richest sections of the phosphate mining 

 region lies but fifteen miles away, while or- 

 anges, grapefruit, melons and sea island cotton 

 are grown in the vicinity. The electric light 

 plant and the water works, which bring the 

 city water from one of Florida's numerous 

 springs, are owned by the municipality. 

 Gainesville was founded about 1850, incorpo- 

 rated as a town in 1869 and given its city 

 charter in 1907. Population, 1910, 6,183. 



GAINSBOROUGH, gaynz' b'ro, THOMAS 

 (1727-1788), an English portrait painter famous 

 for his wonderful, cool, fresh coloring and his 

 power for portraying personality. That he had 

 many fashionable beauties as clients is well 

 shown in Mrs. Siddons or the Duchess of Dev- 

 onshire, two of the most popular of the 220 



