GALATEA 



2361 



GALEN 



from the mainland. In 1858 these islands 

 were explored by Charles Robert Darwin 

 (which see) during the voyage of the Beagle, 

 and they figure largely in his writings on the 

 evolution of animals. They are peculiar in 

 having almost no species of animals in com- 

 mon with South America. There are great 

 numbers of birds, and tortoises of huge size 

 are numerous. Spanish explorers named the 

 group Galapagos, which means tortoise. Rats 

 and mice were found by Darwin, but he was 

 convinced that these animals had been intro- 

 duced by ships of buccaneers who formerly 

 made the islands their headquarters. 



The total area of the islands is 2,400 square 

 miles, more than half of which is occupied by 

 the island of Albemarle. Turtles form the 

 chief product. Sugar is grown and cattle- 

 raising flourishes. The United States govern- 

 ment endeavored to lease the islands for a 

 naval station in 1911, but the negotiations 

 failed. Population, about 400. 



GALATE'A, the sea nymph of classic 

 mythology whose story inspired Raphael's 

 wonderful fresco Triumph of Galatea, in the 

 Villa Farnesina at Rome, Handel's melodious 

 secular oratorio, Acis and Galatea, and works 

 of numerous poets and sculptors. She was the 

 daughter of Nereus and Doris and has often 

 been called the queen of the sea. Ugly, one- 

 eyed Polyphemus loved her, but she gave her- 

 self to the Sicilian shepherd, Acis. Enraged at 

 this, the monster, surprising them one day, 

 crushed Acis beneath a rock, so turning him 

 into a stream, which flowed to the sea to meet 

 the beloved Galatea. The story of another 

 Galatea is told under the title PYGMALION. 



GALATIA, gala'shia. In 277 B.C. Nico- 

 medes, king of Bithynia, invited three tribes 

 of Gauls to aid him in conquering his brother. 



fter accomplishing this the Gauls settled in 



entral Asia Minor, which territory received 



ic name Gala- 

 from them. 

 It was bounded 

 an the east by 



}appadocia, on 



le west by Phry- 



jia, and did not 

 the sea- 

 at any 



aint. The Gauls 



innned the cities 

 places of resi- 



ience and occu- 

 pied the country, LOCATION MAP 



but they exacted tribute from the inhabitants 

 of the cities. In 189 B.C. the Roman consul, 

 assisted by Eumenes, king of Pergamum, par- 

 tially conquered them, but in 26 B. c. Augustus 

 made their country a Roman province. The 

 apostle Paul visited Galatia twice (Acts XVI, 

 6; XVIII, 23) and later wrote a letter to the 

 people of the country, known as Paul's Epistle 

 to the Galatians. 



Epistle to the Galatians. When the Apostle 

 Paul heard that the Jews had tried to make 

 the Galatians think that he was not an apos- 

 tle of God with a divine message, he wrote a 

 letter to them. It will be known as long as 

 the world stands as the Epistle to the Gala- 

 tians, and is the ninth book of the New Tes- 

 tament. After expressing surprise that the 

 people have so soon abandoned him and the 

 Gospel, Paul defends himself against unjust 

 criticism and warns them against those who 

 wish them to keep the Law of Moses. He 

 tells them to be kind to those who have done 

 wrong and to help each other, guiding and 

 encouraging them to follow Christ and His 

 teachings. 



GAL'BA, SERVIUS SULPICIUS (3 B. C.-A. D. 69), 

 was a Roman emperor who came of a noble 

 and wealthy family, and in his early years 

 gave promise of remarkable ability. As gen- 

 eral in Germany and proconsul to Africa he 

 conducted successful campaigns which brought 

 him triumphal honors. He then retired from 

 public life until A. D. 61, about the middle of 

 Nero's reign, when the latter appointed him 

 general in Spain. There he incurred the dis- 

 pleasure of the emperor, who secretly ordered 

 him to be assassinated. Hearing of this, 

 Galba revolted, and on the death of Nero in 

 A. D. 68 assumed the title of Caesar and has- 

 tened to Rome. His reign was short, as he 

 soon became unpopular because of his weak- 

 ness and miserly ways; in an attempt to quell 

 a revolt he was attacked and slain. 



GA'LEN, or GALE'NUS, CLAUDIUS (A. D. 

 130-200), a celebrated Greek physician and the 

 most versatile writer of his day on medical 

 subjects. He is said to have written 500 trea- 

 tises on medicine, logic, grammar and ethics. 

 Only eighty-three of those attributed to him 

 are now acknowledged as genuine; some of 

 the remainder are doubtful and others spuri- 

 ous. Galen was so successful as a physician 

 that he earned the name of wonder worker. 

 He was appointed physician to the emperor 

 Marcus Aurelius, and, later, to his son and suc- 

 cessor, Commodus. Until the sixteenth cen- 



