GARCIA 



GARDEN 



quantity of a city's garbage, but this is very 

 wasteful, as at best only the bone phosphate 

 and potash can be saved. C.H.H. 



Consult Morse's The Collection and Disposal of 

 Municipal Waste; Parsons' The Disposal of Mu- 

 nicipal Refuse. 



GARCIA, gahrthe'ah, the name of a family 

 of celebrated Spanish musicians and singers, 

 of whom MANUEL DEL POPOLO VICENTE GARCIA 

 (1775-1832) was the father; MANUEL GARCIA 

 (1805-1906), the son; and MARIA FELICITA GAR- 

 CIA (1808-1836), better known under her subse- 

 quent name of MALIBRAN, was the daughter. 



The father was an eminent Spanish vocalist, 

 music teacher and composer, born at Seville. 

 In 1808 he went to Paris and met with great 

 success in Italian opera. Later he studied the 

 Italian method in Italy, where he duplicated 

 his former triumphs, and then went to Lon- 

 don. In 1826 he toured the United States 

 and Canada, with a company of excellent tal- 

 ent, among them his son and daughter; this 

 event marked the introduction of Italian opera 

 to American audiences. He and his company 

 gave seventy-nine representations, including 

 two of his own operas. He extended his oper- 

 atic tour as far as Mexico, where he was robbed 

 of his wealth by bandits. 



To few men is given the privilege of cele- 

 brating their hundredth year of life, but this 

 was granted to Manuel Garcia, on March 17, 

 1905, in London, in the presence of over four 

 hundred guests distinguished in the scientific 

 and musical world. On that occasion he re- 

 ceived decorations from King Edward VII of 

 England, Emperor William of Germany and 

 King Alfonso of Spain. At the age of twenty 

 he was well known as a singer, composer and 

 orchestra conductor. After a successful oper- 

 atic tour in America as a member of the com- 

 pany with his distinguished father and sister, 

 he returned to Paris and became famous as a 

 teacher of singing. Jenny Lind was one of his 

 pupils. He iif famed in the scientific world 

 also as the inventor of the laryngoscope, the 

 idea for which was gained by the accidental 

 placing of two small mirrors by which he was 

 enabled to note the position of the vocal 

 chords during singing. 



The daughter, Maria Felicita Malibran, was 

 born in Paris. She possessed a soprano voice 

 of great sweetness and phenomenal compass. 

 When but seventeen years old, she played the 

 leading role in The Barber of Seville, at Cov- 

 ent Garden, London. Her gifts as an actress 

 were on a par with her beautiful voice, and 



she made her greatest triumphs in tragedy. 

 Slip was unhappily wedded to a New York 

 banker, named Malibran, whom she divorced. 

 Later she married a Belgian violinist, Charles 

 de Beriot. R.D.M. 



GARCIA Y INIGUEZ, gahrse'a e ene'ges, 

 CALIXTO (1836-1898), a Cuban soldier-patriot 

 who gave thirty years of his life to the cause 

 of the freedom of his native land, and who died 

 on a mission in its behalf. He was born at 

 Holguin, Santiago Province. For a while he 

 practiced law, but in 1868 became a leader in 

 the Cuban insurrection known in history as 

 the Ten Years' War. When General Maximo 

 Gomez was removed from command by the 

 government, Garcia succeeded him as com- 

 mander-in-chief of the Cuban forces. At one 

 time, with a band of only twenty men, Garcia 

 was surrounded by 500 Spaniards. Rather than 

 be captured, he attempted suicide by shooting 

 himself through the head. He recovered, how- 

 ever, and was taken to Spain, where he was 

 held a prisoner for fifteen years. He escaped in 

 1895, the year of Cuba's final insurrection, and 

 went to the United States, where he engaged 

 in filibustering. Eventually he succeeded in 

 reaching Cuba and joining the native forces 

 and soon won important victories as one of the 

 chiefs of the Cuban forces. He died in Wash- 

 ington during a conference at which Cuban 

 affairs were being discussed. 



When the United States decided to go to 

 the rescue of Cuba, and war broke out between 

 that country and Spain, one of the first things 

 to be done was to communicate with the in- 

 surgent leader, Garcia. No one knew just 

 where he was, and the task was a dangerous 

 one. The way a man named Rowan, without 

 a question which would disclose his identity 

 or arouse suspicion, faithfully delivered that 

 communication to Garcia in the wilds of Cuba, 

 inspired Elbert Hubbard's A Message to Gar- 

 cia. It is a pamphlet which carries an inspiring 

 message. 



GARDEN, MARY (1877- ), a grand opera 

 star, who was as great an actor as a singer, 

 was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. She moved 

 with her parents to Chicago at the age of 

 eleven, where she remained until nineteen, 

 when through the aid of friends she was en- 

 abled to continue her musical education. Miss 

 Garden is regarded as practically self-taught, 

 as she had very little instruction at home, but 

 made much of two years of study abroad; she 

 learned her art upon the stage, for the most 

 part, and her opportunity came quite unex- 



