GARFIELD 



2392 



GARGOYLE 



James G. Elaine, he was approached by Charles 

 J. Guiteau, a lawyer who had sought in vain 

 to be appointed United States consul-general 

 at Marseilles, France. Guiteau suddenly raised 

 a pistol and fired twice at the President, the 

 second shot taking effect. The President was 

 carried to the White House, where he suf- 

 fered for ten weeks. Towards the end of the 

 summer his condition became worse, and the 

 doctors decided that his only chance for re- 

 covery lay in removal to a more invigorating 

 climate. On the sixth of September he was 

 taken to Elberon, N. J., but blood poisoning 

 developed in about ten days, and on the nine- 

 teenth of September, 1881, he died. His body 

 now lies in a splendid tomb in Cleveland, Ohio. 

 Guiteau, the assassin, was a "stalwart" Re- 

 publican, and when arrested after the shooting 

 declared frankly that it had been his purpose 

 to throw the government into the hands of 

 Vice-President Arthur. It was apparent, how- 

 ever, that Guiteau was mentally unbalanced, 

 and had no conception of the awful nature of 

 his crime, for which he atoned with his own 

 life. 



His Family. Two of Garfield's sons achieved 

 distinction in several fields. HARRY AUGUSTUS 

 GARFIELD (born 1863) was a prominent Cleve- 

 land lawyer, professor at Western Reserve Uni- 

 versity and at Princeton University, and since 

 1908 has been president of Williams College, 

 his own and his father's alma mater. JAMES 

 RUDOLPH GARFIELD (born 1865) also studied 

 law, was for several years commissioner of 

 corporations in the Department of Commerce 

 and Labor, and from 1907 to 1909 was Secre- 

 tary of the Interior in President Roosevelt's 

 Cabinet. W.F.Z. 



Consult Thayer's From Log Cabin to White 

 House; Ridpath's The Life and Work of James 

 A. Garfield. 



GARFIELD, N. J., a residential and manu- 

 facturing borough of Bergen County, and an 

 important suburb of Passaic (which see). The 

 two cities are separated by the Passaic River. 

 Garfield is in the northeastern part of the 

 state, twelve miles north and west of New 

 York City and five miles by trolley southeast 

 of Paterson. It is served by the Erie Railroad 

 and by trolley lines to all of the near-by cities 

 and towns. A ferry runs to 130th Street, New 

 York, near Grant's Tomb. The borough is 

 more than two square miles in area. The pop- 

 ulation, largely American, was 10,213 in 1910, 

 and 14,429 by a Federal estimate in 1916. 



The principal industrial plants include woolen 



mills, chemical works, machine shops, rubber, 

 knitting, embroidery and jewelry-case works, 

 paper-box, wax-paper, clothing and cigar facto- 

 ries and artificial-stone works. There are more 

 than 6,000 persons employed in these manu- 

 factories, and the value of their annual pro- 

 duction amounts to over $16,000,000. Garfield, 

 which received its name in honor of President 

 Garfield, was incorporated as a borough in 

 1898. It is a city of many attractive resi- 

 dences. The public schools do not include 

 high school courses, which are supplied by 

 Passaic and Hasbrouck Heights. M.C.W. 



GARGLE, gahr'g'l. When the throat be- 

 comes sore, a wash made of simple, soothing 

 and healing medicines, called a gargle, is used 

 to cleanse and heal the sore part. In using it, 

 the head should be thrown well back, and some 

 of the liquid should be churned about in the 

 lower part of the throat. One must be care- 

 ful not to swallow any of the liquid, for, even 

 though it may contain simple drugs, the stom- 

 ach may be injured. Boric acid or salt com- 

 bined with water is a good disinfectant. A 

 good gargle for sore throat is listerine, 1 part; 

 glycerin, 1 part; and water, 1 part. Another 

 of equal value is potassium chlorate, 1 part ; 

 glycerin, 4 parts; and water, 10 parts. If the 

 gargles do not cure the throat quickly, it is 

 best to consult a doctor. 



GARGOYLE, gahr' goil. On the upper cor- 

 ners of many ancient cathedrals and palaces 

 built by the Goths in the thirteenth and four- 

 teenth centuries, were weird, half human and 

 half animal or birdlike stone figures called 



ON NOTRE DAME, PARIS 



gargoyles, which served as waterspouts. These 

 figures were made on a few buildings earlier 

 than the period named, but they were used 

 extensively in Gothic architecture. On the 

 roof of Notre Dame in Paris, where they can- 

 not be seen unless ascent is made to the top, 

 are some of the most famous of these strange 

 figures, but these famous "devils of Notre 

 Dame," as they are called, seem to have no 

 architectural use. Modern architects use metal 

 pipes to carry the water from the roof and 

 very seldom add any ornament. The Univer- 



