GARNISHMENT 



2395 



GARRISON 



state every year to be used in shoe factories 

 for rubbing and polishing. Excellent imita- 

 tions of the valuable garnet are made in Switz- 

 erland, Germany and France from a peculiar 

 kind of glass called strass, or paste, and purple 

 of Cassius. 



GAR'NISHMENT, a legal notice in the na- 

 ture of an attachment or execution by means 

 of which credits, property or effects of a 

 debtor in the hands of a third party may be 

 held for payment of debts. A case of gar- 

 nishment differs from a writ of attachment 

 or execution in two particulars : no actual pos- 

 session of the property in the hands of the 

 garnishee is taken, and as a rule no specific 

 lien is acquired upon the property or credits 

 in the hands of the garnishee. It is commonly 

 used for attaching the wages of a debtor to 

 secure payment of a debt. 



GARONNE, garohn' , the most important 

 river of Southern France. It rises in the Val 

 d'Aran, on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees, 

 and flows in a northwesterly direction, empty- 

 ing into the Atlantic Ocean after a course of 

 about 400 miles. A few miles below Bordeaux, 

 the most important town on its banks, it is 

 joined by the Dordogne, the two streams form- 

 ing the estuary called the Gironde. Ocean- 

 going steamers navigate inland to Bordeaux, 

 seventy miles from the sea. Smaller vessels 

 reach Toulouse, where the Canal du Midi joins 

 the Garonne and connects the Atlantic Ocean 

 and Mediterranean Sea. The Garonne has 

 thirty-two tributaries, drains an area of 38,000 

 square miles, and with its tributaries affords 

 a commercial highway extending over 1,400 

 miles. 



GARRICK, gair'ik, DAVID (1717-1779), the 

 foremost of English actors, for a long time 

 manager of Drury Lane Theater, London, and 

 the author of numerous comedies. He studied 

 for a time under the distinguished Samuel 

 Johnson, and then studied law, but later his 

 dramatic instinct asserted itself, and in 1741 he 

 made his first theatrical appearance, in the 

 character of Richard III. A notable success 

 was achieved, and his fame as an actor was 

 established. He was a Shakespearean enthusiast 

 and in a large measure was responsible for the 

 revival of Shakespeare's plays in their original 

 form. His last appearance was on June 10, 

 1776, in The Wonder. He died in London 

 three years later, and was buried under the 

 Shakespeare monument in Westminster Abbey. 

 Garrick's acting was distinguished by versa- 

 tility and naturalness, 'the latter quality being 



WILLIAM LLOYD 

 GARRISON 



distinctly opposed to the method of the period. 

 His literary ability was not pronounced, al- 

 though one of his farces, The Lying Valet, was 

 very successful. 



GARRISON, gair'ison, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805- 

 1879), an American reformer and journalist, 

 and founder of The Liberator, a newspaper 

 that became famous as an opponent of slav- 

 ery. He was born at Newburyport, Mass. 

 His father was a 

 sea captain who 

 had deserted his 

 family, and his 

 mother became a 

 nurse in order to 

 support her chil- 

 dren. In 1818 he 

 entered the office 

 of the Newbury- 

 port Herald as 

 compositor. Af- 

 ter his appren- 

 ticeship ended he 

 became proprietor and editor of the Free Press, 

 a short-lived paper in which the poems of 

 Whittier, then unknown to fame, appeared. 

 In 1828 he went to Boston and there met 

 Benjamin Lundy, who was publishing in Bal- 

 timore the Genius of Universal Emancipation, 

 a weekly periodical devoted to the cause of 

 the abolition of slavery. Young Garrison was 

 immediately won to the cause and joined 

 Lundy, but against Lundy's wishes he urged 

 immediate emancipation for slaves and the 

 partnership was dissolved. 



He then returned to Boston and set up his 

 own press, on which, New Year's Day, 1831, 

 he issued the first copy of The Liberator. He 

 was without money or influence, and was ed- 

 itor, typesetter, proofreader and distributor of 

 the paper. 



In a small chamber, friendless and unseen, 

 Toiled o'er his types one poor unlearned young 



man. 



The place was dark, unfurnitured and mean, 

 Yet there the freedom of a race began. 



Such was the tribute paid to him by the poet 

 Lowell after reading The Liberator, in which 

 the editor said, "I will be as hard as truth and 

 as uncompromising as justice." From this 

 time he was the leader of the anti-slavery agi- 

 tation, but refused to take any part in poli- 

 tics. The Liberator soon attracted attention 

 alike in the North and in the South. Hun- 

 dreds of people threatened his life; and he was 

 finally indicted for sedition and on October 



