GEOGRAPHY 



2432 



GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS 



Island 



Isobars 



Isothermal Lines 



Isthmus 



Japan Current 



Khamsin 



Labrador Current 



Lagoon 



Lake 



Land and Sea Breezes 



Lava 



Levant 



Lightning 



Maelstrom 



Marsh 



Mesa 



Meteorology 



Mirage 



Monsoon 



Mountain 



Natural Bridge 



Norther 



Oasis 



Ocean 



Ocean Currents 



Oceanography 



Physical Geography 



Plain 



Plateau 



Prairie 



Prevailing Westerlies 



Quicksand 



Rain 



Rainbow 



River 



Saint Elmo's Fire 



Savanna 



Simoom 



Sirocco 



Sky 



Snow 



Snow Line 



Spring 



Stalactite 



and Stalagmite 

 Storms 

 Talus 

 Terrace 



Thermal Springs 

 Tides 

 Tornado 

 Trade Winds 

 Tundra 

 Twilight 

 Typhoon 

 Valley 

 Volcano 

 Waterfall 

 Watershed 

 Waterspout 

 Waves 

 Whirlpool 

 Whirlwind 

 Wind 



Solway Firth 

 White Sea 



Yellow Sea 

 Zuider Zee 



MISCELLANEOUS 



ISLANDS 



See list, in article Island. 



LAKES 



See list, in article Lake. 



MOUNTAINS 



See list, in article Mountain. 



OCEANS 

 See list, in article Ocean. 



RIVERS 

 See list, in article River. 



SEAS, 



Adriatic Sea 

 Aegean Sea 

 Arabian Sea 

 Azov, Sea of 

 Baffin Land and 



Baffin Bay 

 Baltic Sea 

 Bengal, Bay of 

 Bering Sea 

 Biscay 

 Black Sea 

 Bothnia, Gulf of 

 California, Gulf of 

 Caribbean Sea 

 Caspian Sea 

 Cattegat 

 Chesapeake Bay 

 China Sea 

 Darien 

 Dead Sea 

 Delagoa Bay 

 Delaware Bay 

 English Channel 

 Finland 



GULFS AND BATS 



Florida, Gulf of 



Fundy, Bay of 



Galilee 



Georgian Bay 



Guinea, Gulf of 



Hudson Bay 



Indian Ocean 



Ionian Sea 



Irish Sea 



James Bay 



Long Island Sound 



Marmora, Sea of 



Mediterranean Sea 



Mexico, Gulf of 



Minas Bay 



Narragansett Bay 



North Sea 



Okhotsk, Sea of 



Persian Gulf 



Puget Sound 



Red Sea 



Riga, Gulf of 



Saint Lawrence, Gulf of 



Skagerrak 



Africa 



America 



Antarctic Lands and 



Seas 



Arctic Lands and Seas 

 Asia 

 Australia 



Central America 



City 



Europe 



North America 



Province 



South America 



State 



GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS, jeoloj'ikal sur 

 vaze' , though maintained by the governments 

 of the United States and Canada at an annual 

 expense of hundreds of thousands of dollars, 

 are said to be worth many times as much to 

 the two countries. Organized primarily to aid 

 geologists in their study of the past and pres- 

 ent structure of the land, they also assist in 

 the development of mineral resources by fur- 

 nishing to the public reliable information 

 about the location of various deposits. The 

 topographical divisions prepare accurate maps 

 of the country which are the basis of all com- 

 mercial maps, and are so full of detail that 

 they save much of the preliminary survey work 

 usually necessary for railroads, canals, aque- 

 ducts, dams and reservoirs. In the United 

 States the Survey has the additional duty of 

 investigating favorable regions for irrigation 

 systems and choosing the location for dams 

 and reservoirs in connection with them. 



The United States Survey is preparing a 

 huge map of the whole country which will dis- 

 play the contour of each section, and show the 

 villages and cities, roads, railroads and other 

 artificial features in great detail. The map is 

 published in sheets, each sheet representing 

 an area contained within one degree of lati- 

 tude and one of longitude. The scale varies 

 from 1:25000 (which is about one inch to four 

 miles) for desert regions to 1 :62500 for dis- 

 tricts thickly settled. A similar undertaking 

 in Canada was commenced only a few years 

 ago, and a few maps have been published, 

 mostly of British Columbia areas. 



The geological survey of Canada is older 

 than that of the United States, having been 

 established in 1842. Its most famous director 

 was Dr. George M. Dawson, whose biography 

 appears elsewhere in this work, and for whom 

 Dawson City, in the Klondike gold region, was 

 named. The United States Survey was formed 

 in 1879 as a consolidation of several independ- 

 ent surveys which had been operating in the 

 West. Its organization was largely due to 

 John W. Powell, the explorer of the Grand 

 Canyon of the Colorado River. 



